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. 2026 Jan 8;15(2):510. doi: 10.3390/jcm15020510
ACL Anterior cruciate ligament
AM Anteromedial (bundle of the ACL)
DAB 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
DOV Deep MCL—meniscofemoral & meniscotibial components (contextually used)
EL Epiligament
EPC Endothelial progenitor cell
EPCs Endothelial progenitor cells
FLEX EnVision™ FLEX+ detection system
IHC Immunohistochemistry
L-PRF Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin
MCL Medial collateral ligament
MSC Mesenchymal stem cell
MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells
NIH National Institutes of Health (ImageJ)
PCL Posterior cruciate ligament (appears in comparative anatomical text)
PL Posterolateral (bundle of ACL)
POL Posterior oblique ligament
R Statistical software R
RCT Randomized controlled trial (appears in cited studies)
SMA/α-SMA Alpha-smooth muscle actin
TDSC Tendon-derived stem cell
TLA Three-letter acronym
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor