ActRIIA	Activin type II receptor A
ActRIIB	Activin receptor type II
ActRIIB	Activin type II receptor B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate production
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FFM	Fat-free mass
FoxO1/3	Forkhead transcription factors 1 and 3
GDF11	Growth differentiation factor 11
GHRH	Growth hormone-releasing hormone
GHS-R1a	Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a
GIP RA	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist
GIP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GIP/GLP-1 RA or dual agonist	Dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist
GLP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1 RAs	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
GR	Glucocorticoid receptor
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
IL-6	Interleukin 6
JAK/STAT3	Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3
LBM	Lean body mass
LC3	Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
mTORc1	Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
MuRF1	Muscle ring finger 1
MyHC	Myosin heavy chain
MyoD	Myoblast determination protein 1
MyoG	Myogenin
NFκB	Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NPY	Neuropeptide Y
NRF-1	Nuclear respiratory factor 1
NRF-3	Nuclear respiratory factor 3
Pax7	Paired box gene 7
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
SARM	Selective androgen receptor modulator
SM	Skeletal muscle
SMAD2/3	Small mother against decapentaplegic 2/3
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TFAM	Mitochondrial transcription factor A
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TSC2	Tuberous sclerosis complex 2
U.S.	United States
ULK1	Unc-51-like kinase 1