Skip to main content
. 2026 Jan 10;31(2):237. doi: 10.3390/molecules31020237
PEF Pulsed electric field
WPC Whey protein concentrate
m/v Mass per volume
kV/cm Kilovolt per centimeter
kJ/L Kilojoule per liter
CD Circular dichroism
DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
m/m Mass per mass
WPI Whey protein isolate
L/h Liter per hour
mg/mL Milligram per milliliter
kJ/kg Kilojoule per kilogram
mL/min Milliliter per minute
µs Microsecond
Hz Hertz
FI Fluorescence intensity
ms Millisecond
S Solubility
EAI Emulsifying activity index
ESI Emulsifying stability index
AV Apparent viscosity
PS Particle size
ZP Zeta potential
mS/cm MilliSiemens per centimeter
cP Centipoise
mV Millivolt
PDI Polydispersity index
SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate page electrophoresis
kDa Kilodalton
IgG Immunoglobulin G
BSA Bovine serum albumin
µJ/s Microjoule per second
au Arbitrary units
rpm Revolutions per minute
rcf Relative centrifugal force
g/L Gram per liter
FO Foam overrun
FV Foam volume
g/mL Gram per milliliter
v/v Volume per volume
DLS Dynamic light scattering
mm Millimeter
V Volt
°C/min Degrees Celsius per minute