| NAFLD | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| MAFLD | Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease |
| MASLD | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
| MASH | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis |
| OPA1 | Optic atrophy 1 |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |
| MFN1 | Mitofusin 1 |
| MFN2 | Mitofusin 2 |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Drp1 | Dynamin-related protein 1 |
| MiD49 | Mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa |
| MiD51 | Mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 51 kDa |
| Fis1 | Fission protein 1 |
| MFF | Mitochondrial fission factor |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| HIIT | High intensity interval training |
| MICT | Moderate intensity continuous training |
| VWR | Voluntary wheel running |
| DEX | Dexamethasone |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| HFD | High-fat diet |
| HFHS | High-fat high-sucrose diet |
| HIS | High-intensity speed |
| MCD | Methionine-choline deficient diet |
| MVCC | Maximal voluntary carrying capacity |
| RE | Resistance exercise |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| VO2peak | Peak oxygen uptake |
| OMA1 | Mitochondrial inner membrane zinc-dependent metalloprotease |
| YME1L | Yeast mitochondrial escape 1-like ATPase |
| WD | Western diet |
| TFAM | Mitochondrial transcription factor A |
| PGC-1α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| NRF1 | Nuclear respiratory factor 1 |
| NRF2 | Nuclear respiratory factor 2 |
| P62 | Sequestosome 1 |
| BNIP3 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 |
| DRAM | Damage-regulated autophagy modulator |
| PINK1 | PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 |
| LC3 | Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 |
| Parkin | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin |