| BAI | Biomedical Device-Associated Infection |
| PP | Polypropylene |
| HPMC | Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose |
| ZnO | Zinc Oxide |
| NP | Nanoparticle |
| FE-SEM | Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope |
| EDAX | Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy |
| XRD | X-Ray Diffraction |
| FWHM | Full Width at Half Maximum |
| HRTEM | High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| FTIR | Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
| EPS | Extracellular Polymeric Substance |
| PBS | Phosphate Saline Buffer |
| OD | Optical Density |