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. 2026 Jan 16;15(2):276. doi: 10.3390/plants15020276
F0 Minimal fluorescence from a dark-adapted leaf
FM Maximal fluorescence from a dark-adapted leaf
FV Maximal variable fluorescence from a dark-adapted leaf
FV/FM Maximum quantum yield of primary PSII photochemistry
FV/F0 Ratio between variable and minimal fluorescence
O step Origin fluorescence value at 20 µs
K step Fluorescence value at 0.3 ms
J step Fluorescence value at 2 ms
I step Fluorescence value at 30 ms
P step Maximum fluorescence or FM
Sm Normalized area above the curve from F0 to FM
ABS/RC Effective antenna size of an active reaction center (RC)
PIABS Performance index for energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII to the reduction of intersystem electron acceptors
PITOT Performance index for energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII antenna to the reduction of PSI acceptors.
ψE0 Probability that the energy of a trapped excitation is used for electron transport beyond QA
ψR0 Quantum yield for reduction in the end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side
δR0 Efficiency with which an electron from the intersystem electron carriers is transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side
VK Relative fluorescence at the K-step
ΔVIP Relative contribution of electron flow to the PSI end acceptors (i.e., ferredoxin and NADPH)