| SEARO | South-East Asia Region |
| PAHO | Pan American Health Organization |
| WPRO | Western Pacific Region |
| EMRO | Eastern Mediterranean Region |
| EU | European Union |
| DENV | Dengue virus |
| ZIKV | Zika viruses |
| STING | stimulator of interferon genes |
| SAR | Structure–activity relationship |
| EWGs | electron-withdrawing groups |