AMR	Antimicrobial resistance
AMP/AMPs	Antimicrobial peptides
ARG/ARGs	Antibiotic resistance gene(s)
AUC	Area under the concentration
AUC/MIC	Area under the concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio
ABC	ATP-binding cassette (efflux family)
CRISPR	Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Cas	CRISPR-associated protein(s)
EPS	Extracellular polymeric substances
DNAe	Extracellular DNA
ESBL	Extended-spectrum β-lactamase
CTX-M/TEM/SHV	ESBL enzyme families
EPI/EPIs	Efflux pump inhibitor(s)
HGT	Horizontal gene transfer
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
IL	Interleukin
IL-1β/IL-6/IL-8	Interleukins 1β, 6, 8
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LTA	Lipoteichoic acid
MDR	Multidrug resistance
MFS	Major facilitator superfamily (efflux family)
MATE	Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (efflux family)
MGE/MGEs	Mobile genetic element(s)
MIC	Minimum inhibitory concentration
MLS	Macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B
MRSA	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
CNS	Coagulase-negative staphylococci
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NPs	Nanoparticles
PBPs	Penicillin-binding proteins
PBP2a	Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (mecA product)
mecA	Methicillin resistance gene
blaZ	Staphylococcal β-lactamase gene
PD	Pharmacodynamics
PK	Pharmacokinetics
QRDR	Quinolone resistance–determining region
RND	Resistance–nodulation–division (efflux family)
AcrAB-TolC	RND tripartite efflux pump system
NorA	MFS efflux pump (staphylococci)
SMR	Small multidrug resistance (efflux family)
T > MIC	Time above the minimum inhibitory concentration
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TLR2/TLR4	Toll-like receptor 2/4
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
rRNA	Ribosomal ribonucleic acid
23S rRNA	23S ribosomal RNA