| Ionization potential | Electron affinity | Energy gap |
| IP = −EHOMO | EA = −ELUMO | ΔE= ELUMO − EHOMO |
| Hardness | Softness | Electronegativity |
| η = (IP − EA)/2 | σ = 1/η | χ = (IP + EA)/2 |
| Chemical potential | Electrophilicity index | |
| μ = − χ | ω = μ2/2η | |
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