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. 2025 Dec 22;14(1):14. doi: 10.3390/vaccines14010014
3DA DADADA motif
4PL Four-parameter logistic
AF488 Alexa Fluor 488
AIDA-I Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence I
ARRIVE Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments
AT/ATs Autotransporter(s)
AUC_ELISA Area under the ELISA curve
AUC_FLOW Area under the flow–cytometry curve
Bmax Maximum binding (ELISA)
bn-mAbs Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody
BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
BSL-2 Biosafety Level 2
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFU Colony-Forming Units
CI/CIs Confidence interval(s)
DBTL Design–Build–Test–Learn
DTP Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis
EC50 Half-maximal effective concentration
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Env Envelope glycoprotein (HIV)
FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
FLIC Flagellin fragment (TLR5 agonist)
FLOW Flow–cytometry readout (context of manuscript)
FP Fusion Peptide
FP1–FP4 Fusion Peptide variants 1–4
GDGDG Acidic linker sequence
GGG Glycine-repeat linker sequence
GRB Genome-Reduced Bacteria
HBSS Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
HET3 Outbred HET3 mouse stock
HIV/HIV-1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus/type 1
HM Homomeric (in vaccine names)
HRP Horseradish Peroxidase
HT Heteromeric (in vaccine names)
IBC Institutional Biosafety Committee
ID50/ID80 50%/80% inhibitory dilution
IgG Immunoglobulin G
IM Intramuscular
Imm/Imms Immunogen/Immunogens
L/L1/L2 Linkers (L1 = GDGDG; L2 = AQQASSS × 3)
LB Lysogeny Broth (Luria–Bertani)
LMIC(s) Low- and Middle-Income Countries
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
mAb Monoclonal antibody
mRNA Messenger RNA
MPER Membrane-Proximal External Region
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
OD450/OD600 Optical density at 450/600 nm
PCA Principal Component Analysis
PC1 Principal Component 1
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
PEDV Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
pLDDT Predicted Local Distance Difference Test (score)
pTM Predicted TM-score
RAU Relative Antibody Units
RLU Relative Light Units
rSIP (Group B streptococcal) surface immunogenic protein
L3 Short flexible linker
SOC Super Optimal broth with Catabolite repression
SOP(s) Standard Operating Procedure(s)
TAE Tris–Acetate–EDTA
TBST Tris-Buffered Saline with Tween-20
Tfh T follicular helper (cells)
TMB 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine
TLR Toll-Like Receptor
TZM-bl Reporter cell line for HIV neutralization
UVA University of Virginia
UV Ultraviolet
UniProt Universal Protein Resource (database)
KWC/GRB Killed Whole-Cell genome-reduced Bacteria
KWC Killed Whole-Cell
E. coli Escherichia coli