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. 2026 Jan 16;13:9. doi: 10.1186/s40658-025-00826-4

Table 2.

Median [minimum, maximum] of constant b in the proportional error model (Eqs. 2 and 4) obtained for methods I–III. First, the model-based error model was used, and the proportionality constants b of diagnostic and therapeutic data were separately fitted. Second, the model-based error model was also used, but a further separation was done: organs and tumours were considered differently, and 4 b-parameters were fitted. Third, the data-based error model was used, and 4 b-parameters (with diagnostic and therapeutic data, organ and tumour separation) were fitted

Model-based error model (2 bs)
Method I
Model-based error model (4 bs)
Method II
Data-based Error Model (4 bs)
Method III

Inline graphic

(8 data)

0.16 [0.02, 0.51]

b D, Organ

(5 data)

0.28 [0.09, 0.56] 0.35 [0.13, 1.50]

b D, Tumor

(3 data)

0.36 [0.13, 0.82] 0.27 [0.11, 1.39]

Inline graphic

(33 data)

0.28 [0.18, 0.63]

b T, Organ

(24 data)

0.31 [0.15, 0.83] 0.16 [0.14, 0.25]

b T, Tumor

(9 data)

0.09 [0.01, 0.25] 0.39 [0.04, 0.80]