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. 2025 Dec 28;16:3660. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33685-1

Table 9.

Dynamic accumulator performance metrics with different user counts.

Users Add
(ms/u)
Witness creation
(ms)
Membership
verification (ms)
Peak memory
(KB)
100 12.29 (± 6.75) 33.09 (± 6.34) 11.49 (± 6.34) 27.11 (± 10.43)
500 12.18 (± 7.36) 33.74 (± 9.72) 11.97 (± 9.75) 64.22 (± 0.02)
1,000 12.30 (± 7.61) 33.05 (± 6.81) 11.34 (± 6.83) 88.08 (± 0.02)
2,000 12.23 (± 7.63) 32.82 (± 5.47) 11.68 (± 5.46) 231.88 (± 0.02)
5,000 12.11 (± 7.39) 34.28 (± 8.51) 12.85 (± 8.50) 877.22 (± 0.02)
10,000 12.16 (± 7.35) 33.27 (± 5.96) 11.62 (± 5.94) 998.59 (± 0.02)