Fig. 1.

NQO1 is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer. (A) NQO1 mRNA in human PDAC (n = 50) and adjacent nonmalignant tissues (n = 24) from public datasets (GSE15471, GSE16515). **** Student’s t test, P < 0.0001. (B) NQO1 mRNA across preneoplastic stages (GSE19650): normal ducts, IPMA, IPMN, and IPMC. Kruskal–Wallis, P = 0.0006. (C) NQO1 mRNA in TCGA PDAC (n = 150) showing high expression in Classical subtypes (Moffitt, Collisson) and Progenitor (Bailey); one-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001. (D) Representative NQO1 IHC of PDAC with adjacent nontumor (A, green) and tumor (T, red) regions (dotted line). (Scale bar, 50 µm.) (SI Appendix, Table S1).