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. 2025 Dec 27;16:3768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33776-z

Table 3.

Eigenvalues, percent of cumulative explained variance and loadings of first five principal components of PCA of semen variables in frozen – thawed African Penguin samples.

PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5
Eigenvalue 5.28 3.51 1.28 0.82 0.82
Cumulative variance percentage 40.59 67.62 77.51 83.80 90.08
Loadings
Viability (%) 0.23 -0.51 -0.22 0.49 0.55
Total motility (%) 0.60 -0.57 -0.40 -0.34 0.16
Progressive motility (%) -0.09 -0.53 -0.55 0.42 -0.30
Rapid (%) -0.81 -0.11 -0.29 0.10 -0.13
Slow (%) 0.63 -0.55 -0.33 -0.38 0.17
VCL (µm/s) -0.77 0.33 -0.36 -0.25 0.16
VSL (µm/s) -0.90 -0.29 -0.13 -0.02 -0.13
VAP (µm/s) -0.93 0.01 -0.25 -0.13 0.00
LIN (%) -0.31 -0.87 0.34 0.01 -0.08
STR (%) -0.18 -0.87 0.18 -0.19 -0.14
WOB (%) -0.41 -0.79 0.36 -0.03 -0.01
ALH (µm) -0.91 0.12 -0.07 -0.10 0.23
BCF (Hz) -0.64 -0.04 0.30 0.04 0.48

PC – Principal component, VCL = curvilinear velocity, VSL = straight-line velocity, VAP = average path velocity, LIN = linearity, STR = straightness, WOB = wobble, ALH = amplitude of lateral head displacement, BCF = beat cross frequency.