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. 2025 Dec 27;16:3768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33776-z

Table 5.

Eigenvalues, percent of cumulative explained variance and loadings of first five principal components of PCA of sperm characteristics assessed with flow cytometry in frozen – thawed African Penguin semen samples.

PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5
Eigenvalue 2.35 1.22 0.98 0.63 0.54
Cumulative variance percentage 39.17 59.48 75.89 86.46 95.40
Loadings
Live (%) -0.6 0.41 -0.10 -0.55 0.33
Apoptotic (%) -0.53 0.35 0.68 0.26 -0.16
Damaged acrosome (%) -0.61 -0.53 -0.07 -0.34 0.47
HMMP (%) -0.47 -0.67 -0.32 -0.30 -0.34
DFI (%) -0.72 -0.16 0.57 -0.05 -0.16
HDS (%) -0.73 -0.42 0.29 0.25 -0.20

HMMP = High Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, DFI = DNA Fragmentation Index, HDS = High DNA Stainability.