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. 2025 Dec 27;16:3825. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33871-1

Table 2.

Variation of input and output parameters.

Parameter Type Unit Symbol Min Max
Spacing Input m S 8 9
Burden Input m B 7 8
Stemming length Input m T 7 8
Hole depth Input m L 14.90 16.10
Hole diameter Input mm D 165 311
Distance from the blast face input m DI 80.162 2426.738
Maximum charge per delay input kg C 402.3 1,529.5
Powder factor Input Kg/m3 Pf 0.57 0.78
Rock factor Input Rf 3.26 6.15
Blastability index Input BI 24 70
Ground vibration Output mm/s Gv 0.217 6.336
Fragmentation Output % Fr 70 81