Table 1.

Deposition conditions, ionic radii of transition metals for a coordination number of 6(16), particle sizes obtained from XRD and TEM as well as its histogram, and photodegradation time to achieve 90% destruction of 2-CP for pure TiO₂ and Nd³⁺-, Pd²⁺-, Pt⁴⁺-, Fe³⁺-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles

Sample	Pure TiO2	TiO2(Pt4+)	TiO2(Fe3+)	TiO2(Pd2+)	TiO2(Nd3+)
Substrate temperature (°C)	600	600	600	600	600
TTIP temperature (°C)	220	220	220	220	220
O2 pressure (Torr)	10	10	10	10	10
Ar pressure (Torr)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Position of dopant precursor (cm)*	—	18	20	19	21.5
Dopant ionic radii (Å)†	—	0.625	0.645	0.86	0.983
Particle size from XRD (nm)	27 ± 3	28 ± 3	28 ± 3	27 ± 3	27 ± 3
Particle size from TEM (nm)	23 ± 3	23 ± 3	24 ± 2	23 ± 3	22 ± 3
Particle size from histogram (nm)	23	23	23	22	22
Time for destruction of 90% 2-CP (min)	60	50	90	40	25

^*The position refers to the distance from center of the reactor (see Fig. 2 for the temperature profile of the reactor wall at 600°C). 

^† Cited from ref. 16.