Table 2.

Results of univariate logistic regression analysis between PD and APS groups.

Variable	SE	z	β	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Demographics
Age	0.019	1.365	0.026	1.027 (0.989–1.068)	0.172
Gender (male)	0.419	−0.302	−0.127	0.881 (0.386–2.002)	0.762
Education	0.043	0.669	0.029	1.029 (0.946–1.121)	0.503
Blood biomarkers
NFL	0.004	2.444	0.011	1.011 (1.002–1.020)	0.015*
Tau	0.002	0.217	0.001	1.001 (0.996–1.005)	0.828
GFAP	0.001	2.936	0.004	1.004 (1.002–1.008)	0.003*
α-Synuclein	0.001	0.409	0.000	1.000 (0.999–1.002)	0.683
Clinical characteristics
Disease duration	0.087	−3.243	−0.283	0.754 (0.622–0.876)	0.001*
LEDD	0.001	−2.543	−0.002	0.998 (0.996–0.999)	0.011*
MMSE	0.025	−0.719	−0.018	0.982 (0.933–1.032)	0.472
Hoehn & Yahr Stage	0.199	1.838	0.367	1.443 (0.985–2.167)	0.066
UPDRS III	0.022	2.732	0.061	1.063 (1.019–1.112)	0.006*
PSQI	0.042	−0.937	−0.039	0.962 (0.885–1.043)	0.349
HAMA	0.033	−1.054	−0.035	0.966 (0.902–1.029)	0.292
HAMD	0.033	−1.691	−0.056	0.946 (0.882–1.004)	0.091
Image feature
VoxelVolume_midbrain	0.001	−2.858	−0.001	0.999 (0.999–1.000)	0.004*
T2_Flair_RunLengthNonUniformity_pons	0.001	−2.707	−0.001	0.999 (0.999–1.000)	0.007*
VoxelVolume_pons	0.001	−2.688	−0.001	1.000 (0.999–1.000)	0.007*
SurfaceArea_midbrain	0.001	−2.559	−0.002	0.998 (0.996–0.999)	0.011*
T2_90Percentile_pons	0.001	2.423	0.002	1.002 (1.001–1.005)	0.015*
T1_Kurtosis_midbrain	0.068	−2.388	−0.162	0.850 (0.737–0.965)	0.017*

VoxelVolume_midbrain, Midbrain voxel volume; T2_Flair_RunLengthNonUniformity_pons, The run-length inhomogeneity of pontine T2-FLAIR sequence; VoxelVolume_pons, Pontine voxel volume; SurfaceArea_midbrain, Midbrain surface area; T2_90Percentile_pons, 90th percentile of pontine T2 signal intensity; T1_Kurtosis_midbrain, Midbrain T1 weighted image kurtosis; SE, Standard Error; z, z-statistic/z-score; β, Beta coefficient.

*p < 0.05, p-value is the result of z-test. Beta coefficient.