Table 3.

Descriptives of wastewater sampling and analysis methods of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) conducted in the included studies in the scoping review on public health actions in response to pathogen detection in wastewater.

Included studies	N = 49 (%)
Wastewater sampling technique *
Composite sampling	33 (67%)
Grab sampling	14 (29%)
Passive sampling	3 (6%)
Vacuum sampling	1 (2%)
Wastewater sampling locations
Wastewater treatment plant	17 (35%)
Sewer manhole	17 (35%)
Sewer pipe	6 (12%)
Open drains, canals and ditches	4 (8%)
Lift station	2 (4%)
Septic tank	1 (2%)
Sewer ejector pumps	1 (2%)
Sewer pumping station	1 (2%)
Wastewater sampling frequency *
Daily	14 (29%)
Once or more times per week	28 (57%)
Less than once per week	8 (16%)
Not described	2 (4%)
Wastewater sampling period
1–100 days	12 (24%)
101–300 days	11 (22%)
≥301 days	20 (41%)
Not described	6 (12%)
Wastewater analysis types
Quantitative detection	35 (71%)
Qualitative detection	12 (24%)
Not described	3 (6%)
Wastewater analysis techniques *
Molecular	40 (82%)
Culture-based	6 (12%)
Sequencing-based	2 (4%)
Not described	3 (6%)
Wastewater analysis outcome measures
Viral load	27 (55%)
Negative, positive, inconclusive	17 (35%)
Virus type	2 (4%)
Fluorescence	1 (2%)
Not described	2 (4%)

^*Multiple categories per included study.