Table 2.
Knowledge (15-point scale) and learner satisfaction (Likert 1-5) by group in a cluster-randomized trial comparing face-to-face (F2F) versus web-based virtual environment (WBVE) team-based learning among fifth-year medical students (N=78).
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F2F group (n=38), mean (SD) | WBVE group (n=40), mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | |||||||||||
| Knowledge (15-point scale)a | |||||||||||||||
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Pretest knowledge score | 6.03 (2.05) | 6.20 (2.04) | –0.17 (–1.07 to 0.72) | .70 | ||||||||||
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Posttest knowledge score | 11.24 (1.93) | 10.40 (2.62) | 0.88 (–0.18 to 1.94) | .12 | ||||||||||
| Learner satisfaction (Likert scale 1-5)b | |||||||||||||||
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Learning topic | ||||||||||||||
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Intellectually challenging and stimulating | 4.7 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.6) | 0.34 (0.05 to 0.62) | .02c | |||||||||
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Valuable learning gained | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.6 (0.6) | 0.29 (0.04 to 0.54) | .02c | |||||||||
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Increased interest in the subject | 4.6 (0.7) | 4.5 (0.7) | 0.10 (–0.21 to 0.41) | .53 | |||||||||
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Learning process | ||||||||||||||
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Instructor | |||||||||||||
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Instructor enthusiasm | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.6) | 0.22 (–0.01 to 0.45) | .07 | ||||||||
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Presentation style holds interest | 4.8 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.9) | 0.36 (–0.01 to 0.74) | .06 | ||||||||
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Clear explanations | 4.8 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.8) | 0.46 (0.08 to 0.85) | .01c | ||||||||
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Facilitates note-taking | 4.6 (0.7) | 4.4 (1.0) | 0.28 (–0.11 to 0.67) | .17 | ||||||||
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Friendly to students | 4.9 (0.2) | 4.9 (0.4) | 0.10 (–0.06 to 0.25) | .25 | ||||||||
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Welcomes questions or help | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.8 (0.5) | 0.12 (–0.07 to 0.31) | .25 | ||||||||
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Genuine interest in students | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.8 (0.5) | 0.07 (–0.10 to 0.24) | .46 | ||||||||
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Presents alternative viewpoints | 4.8 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.6) | 0.22 (–0.04 to 0.48) | .11 | ||||||||
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Technique | |||||||||||||
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Well-prepared materials | 4.8 (0.4) | 4.3 (1.0) | 0.49 (0.08 to 0.90) | .01c | ||||||||
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Encourages class discussion | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.1 (1.0) | 0.77 (0.27 to 1.27) | <.001c | ||||||||
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Invites the sharing of ideas | 4.8 (0.4) | 3.9 (1.1) | 0.92 (0.34 to 1.50) | <.001c | ||||||||
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Encourages and answers questions | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.7) | 0.32 (0.04 to 0.60) | .02c | ||||||||
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Supports student expression | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.8) | 0.42 (0.07 to 0.76) | .009c | ||||||||
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Technical satisfaction (audio, video, and media) | 4.7 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.8) | 0.28 (–0.06 to 0.62) | .11 | ||||||||
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Satisfaction with teaching methods | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.3 (0.9) | 0.54 (0.12 to 0.97) | .004c | ||||||||
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Learning outcome | ||||||||||||||
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Content covers objectives | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.5) | 0.27 (0.05 to 0.50) | .01c | |||||||||
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Consistent with current knowledge | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.5) | 0.22 (–0.02 to 0.45) | .07 | |||||||||
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Overall course satisfaction | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.8) | 0.42 (0.07 to 0.77) | .01c | ||||||||||
aKnowledge scores were on a 15-point scale (0-15); higher scores indicated greater knowledge.
bLikert score (1=very dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4=satisfied, and 5=very satisfied).
cStatistically significant difference at P<.05.