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. 2026 Jan 15;14:e76521. doi: 10.2196/76521

Table 2.

Effectiveness of a hybrid community-based heart-healthy lifestyle intervention on heart-healthy behavioral outcome variables (N=75). T1 and T2 refer to the baseline time point and the time point after 12 weeks, respectively.


Hybrid group (n=25) Mobile group (n=25) Control group (n=25) F test (df) P value
Composite heart-healthy behavior, mean (SD)


Overall 7.25 (2, 69) .001


T1 2.4 (0.46) 2.4 (0.47) 2.4 (0.42)



T2 2.9 (0.46)a 2.8 (0.42)a 2.5 (0.50)b  

Physical activity and weight control 4.02 (2, 69) .02


T1 1.9 (0.73) 2.2 (0.71) 2.0 (0.57)



T2 2.5 (0.56)a 2.7 (0.75)a 2.2 (0.68)b


Dietary habits 5.04 (2, 69) .009


T1 2.3 (0.50) 2.3 (0.60) 2.3 (0.55)



T2 2.9 (0.51)a 2.7 (0.58)a,b 2.5 (0.62)b


Drinking and smoking 0.06 (2, 69) .94


T1 3.3 (0.91) 3.2 (0.81) 3.1 (0.92)



T2 3.3 (0.85) 3.3 (0.91) 3.2 (0.89)


Stress 1.54 (2, 69) .22


T1 3.2 (0.69) 3.0 (0.70) 2.9 (0.53)



T2 3.4 (0.54) 3.2 (0.66) 3.0 (0.63)


Sleep and rest 1.88 (2, 69) .16


T1 2.9 (0.69) 2.7 (0.64) 2.8 (0.60)



T2 3.1 (0.73) 3.1 (0.74) 2.8 (0.74)


Health management 8.67 (2, 69) <.001


T1 2.4 (0.59) 2.2 (0.55) 2.3 (0.69)



T2 2.9 (0.59)a 2.7 (0.60)a 2.3 (0.70)b

Heart-healthy information, mean (SD) 2.68 (2, 69) .08

T1 43.0 (4.04) 41.9 (4.04) 38.6 (6.49)


T2 45.5 (3.03) 44.0 (3.01) 41.6 (4.12)  
Heart-healthy motivation, mean (SD)


Overall 8.54 (2, 69) <.001


T1 4.4 (0.80) 4.6 (0.74) 4.4 (0.56)



T2 5.5 (0.60)a 5.2 (0.80)a 4.7 (0.76)b  

Effort or importance 9.45 (2, 69) <.001


T1 3.8 (1.22) 4.3 (1.24) 3.9 (1.07)



T2 5.5 (0.73)a 5.4 (0.93)a 4.5 (1.15)b


Interest or enjoyment 10.48 (2, 69) <.001


T1 3.7 (1.24) 4.1 (1.21) 4.0 (0.95)



T2 5.5 (1.02)a 5.1 (1.09)b 4.4 (1.09)c


Perceived choice 1.83 (2, 69) .17


T1 4.7 (0.70) 4.6 (0.61) 4.5 (0.78)



T2 5.0 (0.65) 4.9 (0.60) 4.6 (0.87)


Perceived competence 3.28 (2, 69) .04


T1 3.5 (1.28) 3.9 (1.13) 3.8 (0.83)



T2 4.8 (1.04)a 4.7 (1.16)a,b 4.2 (1.13)b


Value or usefulness 1.85 (2, 69) .16


T1 5.9 (0.95) 6.0 (0.80) 5.7 (0.81)



T2 6.5 (0.67) 6.1 (1.21) 5.9 (0.95)

Heart-healthy self-efficacy for diet, mean (SD) 4.87 (2, 69) .01

T1 71.5 (13.94) 71.2 (13.79) 75.4 (11.86)


T2 79.8 (11.48)a 77.3 (10.62)a 73.1 (12.89)b  
Heart-healthy self-efficacy for exercise, mean (SD) 5.48 (2, 69) .006

T1 37.4 (11.26) 38.9 (10.25) 36.2 (8.32)


T2 40.3 (10.07)a 43.5 (7.43)a 34.8 (10.32)b

aDifferent superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference by Tukey least significant difference multiple comparison.

bDifferent superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference by Tukey least significant difference multiple comparison.

cDifferent superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference by Tukey least significant difference multiple comparison.