Table 2.

Binary logistic regression model of adjusted and unadjusted odds of using cannabis in the past 12 month and daily/near daily between 2018 and 2023 in Canadians reporting a mental health problem, or not, in the past 12 months (N = 91,907).

Mental health conditiona	Past 12-month cannabis use % (n)c	ADJUSTEDb Past 12-month use AOR (95% CI)	p value	Unadjusted past 12-month use OR (95% CI)	p value	Daily cannabis use % (n)d	Adjusted daily use AOR (95% CI)	p value	Unadjusted daily use OR (95% CI)	p value
Anxiety (n = 27,674)e
2018	44.4% (1001)	Reference		Reference		17.7% (398)	Reference		Reference
2019	50.5% (2096)	1.33 (1.15–1.53)	<0.0001	1.28 (1.11–1.47)	0.0005	19.2% (797)	1.12 (0.93–1.36)	0.24	1.12 (0.93–1.35)	0.25
2020	48.2% (2164)	1.27 (1.11–1.47)	0.0008	1.17 (1.02–1.34)	0.027	19.2% (863)	1.20 (0.99–1.45)	0.06	1.11 (0.92–1.34)	0.27
2021	49.9% (2678)	1.37 (1.19–1.57)	<0.0001	1.25 (1.09–1.43)	0.0012	21.0% (1127)	1.34 (1.11–1.61)	0.0019	1.24 (1.04–1.49)	0.017
2022	47.1% (2404)	1.22 (1.07–1.40)	0.0043	1.12 (0.98–1.28)	0.10	18.4% (936)	1.15 (0.95–1.38)	0.15	1.05 (0.88–1.26)	0.58
2023	46.3% (2982)	1.18 (1.03–1.34)	0.019	1.09 (0.95–1.24)	0.22	19.2% (1234)	1.19 (0.99–1.42)	0.07	1.11 (0.93–1.33)	0.24
Bipolar disorder (n = 3001)
2018	63.4% (104)	Reference		Reference		32.8% (53)	Reference		Reference
2019	63.1% (259)	1.05 (0.60–1.82)	0.87	0.99 (0.59–1.66)	0.96	31.3% (129)	1.00 (0.54–1.86)	1.00	0.93 (0.51–1.72)	0.83
2020	55.4% (286)	0.80 (0.46–1.38)	0.42	0.72 (0.43–1.19)	0.20	24.2% (125)	0.74 (0.40–1.37)	0.33	0.65 (0.35–1.20)	0.17
2021	58.7% (346)	0.87 (0.51–1.49)	0.62	0.82 (0.50–1.36)	0.45	28.4% (167)	0.94 (0.52–1.73)	0.85	0.82 (0.45–1.48)	0.51
2022	56.5% (342)	0.83 (0.49–1.40)	0.48	0.75 (0.46–1.23)	0.26	29.8% (180)	1.02 (0.56–1.85)	0.94	0.87 (0.48–1.57)	0.65
2023	63.9% (465)	1.21 (0.72–2.04)	0.47	1.03 (0.63–1.68)	0.91	30.1% (219)	1.07 (0.59–1.93)	0.82	0.89 (0.49–1.59)	0.68
Depression (n = 21,596)
2018	45.2% (812)	Reference		Reference		18.8% (338)	Reference		Reference
2019	54.0% (1728)	1.47 (1.26–1.73)	<0.0001	1.42 (1.22–1.66)	<0.0001	21.7% (695)	1.19 (0.96–1.46)	0.11	1.20 (0.98–1.47)	0.08
2020	49.2% (1764)	1.28 (1.10–1.50)	0.0019	1.18 (1.01–1.38)	0.035	21.0% (753)	1.21 (0.98–1.49)	0.08	1.14 (0.93–1.40)	0.20
2021	52.0% (2208)	1.43 (1.23–1.67)	<0.0001	1.32 (1.14–1.53)	0.0003	23.4% (994)	1.37 (1.13–1.68)	0.0017	1.32 (1.09–1.60)	0.0053
2022	49.6% (1943)	1.29 (1.11–1.50)	0.0011	1.19 (1.03–1.39)	0.020	20.8% (814)	1.18 (0.96–1.44)	0.11	1.13 (0.93–1.38)	0.22
2023	48.8% (2400)	1.25 (1.07–1.45)	0.0040	1.16 (1.00–1.34)	0.05	20.5% (1008)	1.14 (0.94–1.39)	0.19	1.11 (0.92–1.35)	0.29
Post traumatic stress disorder (n = 6522)
2018	55.8% (229)	Reference		Reference		27.8% (114)	Reference		Reference
2019	61.3% (559)	1.34 (0.97–1.86)	0.08	1.26 (0.92–1.71)	0.15	30.3% (276)	1.18 (0.81–1.71)	0.38	1.13 (0.79–1.60)	0.51
2020	57.1% (576)	1.18 (0.85–1.63)	0.32	1.05 (0.77–1.43)	0.75	26.0% (262)	0.99 (0.69–1.44)	0.97	0.90 (0.64–1.29)	0.58
2021	58.0% (703)	1.18 (0.86–1.62)	0.30	1.09 (0.81–1.47)	0.56	30.9% (375)	1.26 (0.88–1.80)	0.21	1.17 (0.84–1.63)	0.37
2022	52.7% (712)	1.04 (0.76–1.42)	0.79	0.89 (0.66–1.19)	0.42	25.4% (344)	1.04 (0.73–1.49)	0.83	0.89 (0.64–1.24)	0.48
2023	56.1% (926)	1.15 (0.85–1.56)	0.37	1.02 (0.76–1.36)	0.92	24.8% (410)	0.94 (0.66–1.33)	0.71	0.86 (0.62–1.20)	0.37
Schizophrenia, including psychosis (n = 1882)
2018	54.9% (64)	Reference		Reference		24.2% (28)	Reference		Reference
2019	60.7% (113)	1.80 (0.86–3.79)	0.12	1.30 (0.65–2.57)	0.46	34.6% (64)	2.31 (0.97–5.52)	0.06	1.67 (0.75–3.75)	0.21
2020	50.8% (147)	1.27 (0.63–2.57)	0.51	0.85 (0.44–1.63)	0.62	24.5% (71)	1.57 (0.67–3.66)	0.30	1.02 (0.46–2.25)	0.97
2021	51.0% (193)	1.20 (0.62–2.34)	0.58	0.85 (0.46–1.59)	0.61	18.7% (71)	1.00 (0.44–2.30)	0.99	0.73 (0.34–1.57)	0.42
2022	42.9% (175)	0.89 (0.46–1.70)	0.72	0.62 (0.33–1.14)	0.12	15.9% (65)	0.79 (0.35–1.79)	0.57	0.59 (0.27–1.27)	0.18
2023	50.5% (257)	1.28 (0.66–2.46)	0.46	0.84 (0.46–1.55)	0.58	21.5% (109)	1.25 (0.57–2.78)	0.58	0.86 (0.41–1.81)	0.69
No experience of the mental health problems above (n = 56,239)f
2018	20.8% (1465)	Reference		Reference		5.5% (391)	Reference		Reference
2019	27.6% (2740)	1.52 (1.37–1.68)	<0.0001	1.45 (1.31–1.60)	<0.0001	7.4% (732)	1.34 (1.10–1.62)	<0.0001	1.33 (1.10–1.61)	0.0031
2020	26.4% (2558)	1.45 (1.31–1.62)	<0.0001	1.37 (1.23–1.52)	<0.0001	7.5% (722)	1.44 (1.18–1.75)	<0.0001	1.36 (1.12–1.65)	0.0021
2021	27.3% (2681)	1.55 (1.39–1.71)	<0.0001	1.44 (1.30–1.59)	<0.0001	9.1% (889)	1.79 (1.48–2.16)	<0.0001	1.69 (1.40–2.03)	<0.0001
2022	27.6% (2514)	1.60 (1.44–1.78)	<0.0001	1.45 (1.31–1.61)	<0.0001	8.0% (727)	1.57 (1.29–1.90)	<0.0001	1.45 (1.20–1.75)	0.0001
2023	27.3% (3124)	1.58 (1.43–1.75)	<0.0001	1.43 (1.30–1.58)	<0.0001	8.0% (919)	1.58 (1.31–1.91)	<0.0001	1.47 (1.22–1.77)	<0.0001

^aLogistic regression models were stratified by mental health condition and including respondents who had experienced the condition in the past 12-months.

^bAdjusted for sex at birth, age group, ethnicity, education, province, and perceived income adequacy.

^cPast 12-month cannabis use is defined as any cannabis use in the past 12 months.

^dDaily cannabis use is defined as cannabis use on 5 or more days per week at the time of the survey.

^eSample sizes for each mental health problem is the total sample size from 2018 through 2023.

^fNo experience of anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, or schizophrenia/psychosis in the past 12 months.