Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
| non-CRT n = 17 |
CRT n = 19 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD; Range) | |||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 6.23 (3.65; 1.8–15.4) | 7.43 (2.59; 3.0–12.2) | .26 |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 6.66 (2.97; 1.4–11.3) | 6.70 (2.97; 1.3–11.4) | .97 |
| Tumour size (mm2)a | 2124.29 (1208.86; 506–4800) | 1883.44 (916.86; 624–3996) | .54 |
| Treatment-related events | 24.2 (13–55) | 38.4 (17–70) | p < .001 |
| Total Number | |||
| Gross total resection (>95 % of tumour resected) | 13 | 16 | .43 |
| Mutism following surgeryb | 3 | 7 | .18 |
| Tumour type | |||
| Medulloblastoma (average risk) | 1 | 11 | <.001 |
| Medulloblastoma (high risk | 1 | 4 | |
| Ependymoma | 1 | 4 | |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | 13 | 0 | |
| Cribriform neuroepithelial Tumour | 1 | 0 | |
| Tumour location within the posterior fossa | |||
| Midline | 9 | 16 | .08 |
| Left hemispheric | 2 | 0 | |
| Right hemispheric | 5 | 2 | |
| Unavailable | 1 | 1 | |
| Hydrocephalus | |||
| No Hydrocephalus | 6 | 1 | .03 |
| Hydrocephalus with no treatment (resolved) | 5 | 5 | .56 |
| Hydrocephalus requiring CSF diversion (EVD, shunt, ventriculostomy) | 6 | 12 | .09 |
| Neurological complications | |||
| Cranial nerve deficit | 1 | 5 | .12 |
| Hearing Loss | 2 | 8 | .37 |
| Meningitis | 0 | 2 | .27 |
| Motor deficits (ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia) | 6 | 19 | .02 |
| Visual impairment (Nystagmus; diplopia) | 7 | 10 | .36 |
| Recurrence | |||
| 0 | 15 | 14 | .45 |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Number of surgeries | |||
| 1 | 16 | 14 | .24 |
| 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| 3+ | 0 | 1 | |
| Radiation Type | |||
| None | 17 | 0 | <.001 |
| Focal (5400–5940 cGy) | 0 | 3 | |
| Reduced dose Cranial-Spinal (1800–2340 cGy) + TB Boost (3240 cGy) | 0 | 11 | |
| Standard dose Cranial-Spinal (2340–3600 cGy) + TB or PF Boost (1800–3240 cGy) | 0 | 5 | |
| Chemotherapy | |||
| None | 12 | 5 | .01 |
| ACNS0332 (carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatin, isotretinoin) | 0 | 1 | |
| COG9961 (vincristine, lomustine, cisplatin) | 0 | 2 | |
| COG99703 (thiotepa, carboplatin) | 2 | 1 | |
| Head Start II (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, methotrexate) | 1 | 0 | |
| POG9631 (etoposide, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) | 0 | 1 | |
| SJMB96 & SJMB03 (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide) | 0 | 9 | |
| Vinblastine monotherapy | 2 | 0 | |
Note. An overview of patient characteristics, including tumour type, tumour size, surgical details, neurological complications, and treatments. TDC = Typically Developing Children; CRT = history of cranial radiation therapy. non-CRT = no history of cranial radiation therapy.
a
Tumour size was unavailable for 6 patients (3 non-CRT, 3 CRT).
b
Patients were classified as having mutism if they had diminished speech output, linguistic difficulties or dysarthria following surgery. Mutism is a transient dysfunction that had resolved in all participants by baseline assessment.