Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| All (N = 840) | AF Group (n = 235) | Non-AF Group (n = 605) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 67.9 ± 12.5 | 72.4 ± 11.7 | 66.1 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| Female | 405 (48.2) | 102 (43.4) | 303 (50.1) | 0.082 |
| Index event | ||||
| Stroke | 768 (91.4%) | 209 (88.9%) | 559 (92.4%) | 0.11 |
| TIA | 72 (8.6%) | 26 (11.1%) | 46 (7.6%) | 0.11 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 720 (85.7) | 215 (91.5) | 505 (83.5) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 325 (38.7) | 89 (37.9) | 236 (39.0) | 0.76 |
| Heart failure | 201 (23.9) | 84 (35.7) | 117 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 637 (75.8) | 182 (77.4) | 455 (75.2) | 0.50 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 103 (12.3) | 39 (16.6) | 64 (10.6) | 0.017 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 102 (12.1) | 27 (11.5) | 75 (12.4) | 0.72 |
| Coronary artery disease | 250 (29.8) | 87 (37.0) | 163 (26.9) | 0.004 |
| Deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism | 8 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.3) | 0.077 |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 20 (2.4) | 3 (1.3) | 17 (2.8) | 0.19 |
| Migraine | 42 (5.0) | 7 (3.0) | 35 (5.8) | 0.094 |
| Previous TIA/stroke/SAH | 388 (46.2) | 112 (47.7) | 276 (45.6) | 0.60 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 137 (16.3) | 42 (17.9) | 95 (15.7) | 0.45 |
| Dementia | 56 (6.7) | 22 (9.4) | 34 (5.6) | 0.064 |
| Obesity | 434 (51.7) | 120 (51.1) | 314 (51.9) | 0.83 |
| Sudden cardiac arrest | 6 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (0.8) | 0.54 |
| Prosthetic heart valve/repair | 30 (3.6) | 11 (4.7) | 19 (3.1) | 0.28 |
| COVID-19 | 39 (4.6) | 11 (4.7) | 28 (4.6) | 0.97 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 29.9 ± 17.3 (n = 538) | 33.8 ± 19.2 (n = 166) | 28.1 ± 16.0 (n = 372) | <0.001 |
| LVEF | 0.002 | |||
| LVEF >50% | 784 (93.3) | 210 (89.4) | 574 (94.9) | |
| LVEF 35%-50% | 46 (5.5) | 18 (7.7) | 28 (4.6) | |
| LVEF <35% | 10 (1.2) | 7 (3.0) | 3 (0.5) | |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). P values compare AF to non-AF groups. P values <0.05 (ie, statistically significant differences) are in boldface.
AF = atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2-VASc = Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes, history of Stroke or transient ischemic attack, VAscular disease, Age 65-74 years, and Sex category (female); LAVI = left atrial volume index; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage; TIA = transient ischemic attack.