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. 2026 Jan 19;60:1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.008

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Preparation and characterization of photo-Crosslinked GelMA/HAMA hydrogels. (A) Schematic diagram of photo-Crosslinked GelMA/HAMA hydrogels. (B) Optical images of mixing GelMA and HAMA at varying ratios (10 % GelMA with 0.5 %, 1 %, or 2.5 % HAMA) composite scaffolds. (C) GelMA and HAMA NMR spectrum. (D) GelMA and HAMA infrared spectrum. (E) Swelling kinetics profiles of GelMA/HAMA hydrogels showing rapid initial uptake and equilibrium stabilization. (F) Compressive stress-strain curves of GelMA/HAMA hydrogels with varying HAMA concentrations. (G and H) Rheological characterization showed time and frequency-dependent storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli. (I) Degradation curve of 10 % GelMA/1 % HAMA hydrogel in PBS and lysozyme environment. (J) Coagulation index was decreased in GelMA/HAMA hydrogels. (K) Hemolysis rates showed excellent blood compatibility. (L) SEM images of the cross-sectional morphology of 10 % GelMA/1 % HAMA. Scale bars:100 μm.