Table 2.
Mortality, Hazard Ratios, and Differences in Remaining Life Expectancy According to Healthy Sleep Pattern in Subjects Without and With ASCVD
| Measure | No ASCVD (N = 137,413) |
ASCVD (N = 11,209) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor Sleep (n = 14,525) | Intermediate Sleep (n = 39,052) | Healthy Sleep (n = 83,836) | Poor Sleep (n = 1993) | Intermediate Sleep (n = 3,545) | Healthy Sleep (n = 5,671) | |
| Mortality | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 483 | 1,132 | 2,295 | 273 | 557 | 903 |
| Deaths per 1,000 person-year (95% CI) | 6.7 (5.9-7.7) | 5.3 (4.9-5.7) | 5.0 (4.7-5.3) | 36.5 (31.4-42.8) | 36.8 (33.0-41.2) | 38.4 (35.2-41.8) |
| Model 1, hazard ratio (95% CI)a | Reference | 0.80 (0.68-0.94) | 0.67 (0.58-0.79) | Reference | 0.77 (0.64-0.93) | 0.68 (0.57-0.82) |
| P value | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | ||
| Model 2, hazard ratio (95% CI)a | Reference | 0.83 (0.70-0.97) | 0.70 (0.60-0.81) | Reference | 0.77 (0.64-0.92) | 0.67 (0.56-0.81) |
| P value | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | ||
| Model 3, hazard ratio (95% CI)a | Reference | 0.92 (0.78-1.08) | 0.82 (0.70-0.95) | Reference | 0.81 (0.67-0.98) | 0.74 (0.62-0.89) |
| P value | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.001 | ||
| Life expectancy | ||||||
| Adjusted difference in remaining life expectancy at 45 years (95% CI), yb | Reference | 0.61 (−0.61 to 1.84) | 1.47 (0.33-2.62) | Reference | 2.02 (0.10-3.93) | 2.96 (1.14-4.79) |
| Adjusted difference in remaining life expectancy at 65 years (95% CI), yb | Reference | 0.46 (−0.45 to 1.37) | 1.11 (0.25-1.96) | Reference | 1.24 (0.06-2.41) | 1.83 (0.71-2.95) |
Models accounted for the National Health Interview Survey complex design and weights.
ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Hazard ratio was estimated from Cox model with time-on-study as timescale. Model 1 was adjusted for baseline age; Model 2 was adjusted for baseline age, sex, ancestry, marital status, and educational attainment; Model 3 was additionally adjusted for smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, chronic condition, body mass index categories, and survey year.
Remaining life expectancy was calculated as the area under the standardized survival curve, estimated from flexible parametric survival models with attained age as timescale, adjustment for sex, ancestry, marital status, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, chronic condition, body mass index categories, and survey year.