Fig. 14.

Schematic diagram of O₂ therapy for RA based on in situ generation of nanomaterials and endogenous enzyme systems. (A) NIR-Responsive Spatiotemporally Controlled Cyanobacteria Micro-Nanodevice for Intensity-Modulated Chemotherapeutics in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Reprinted from Ref. [45]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (B) A Metabolic Driven Bio-Responsive Hydrogel Loading Psoralen for Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Reprinted from Ref. [46]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons. (C) Neutrophil-Mimetic, ROS Responsive, and Oxygen Generating Nanovesicles for Targeted Interventions of Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis. Reprinted from Ref. [47]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons. (D) Synergistic rheumatoid arthritis therapy by interrupting the detrimental feedback loop to orchestrate hypoxia M1 macrophage polarization using an enzyme-catalyzed nanoplatform. Reprinted from Ref. [111]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier.