Fig. 15.

Schematic diagram of metal-based engineered nanozymes for RA treatment via CAT decomposition of H₂O₂ to generate O₂. (A) Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis by Nanocatalytic Antioxidation and Oxygenation. Reprinted from Ref. [48]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. (B) Nanozyme-reinforced hydrogel as a H₂O₂-driven oxygenerator for enhancing prosthetic interface osseointegration in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Reprinted from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature. (C) Arthritic Microenvironment Actuated Nanomotors for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Reprinted from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons. (D) Synergistic Oxygen Generation and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Manganese Ferrite/Ceria Co-decorated Nanoparticles for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Reprinted from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (E) Engineering M2 macrophage-derived exosomes modulate activated T cell cuproptosis to promote immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Reprinted from Ref. [53]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier.