Fig. 3.

Schematic diagram of noble metal and PB nanomaterials for PTT in RA treatment. (A) Near-Infrared Plasmon-Boosted Heat/Oxygen Enrichment for Reversing Rheumatoid Arthritis with Metal/Semiconductor Composites. Reprinted from Ref. [5]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (B) Inflammation-Targeting Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Photothermal Treatment Attenuate Severe Joint Inflammation. Reprinted from Ref. [6]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons. (C) The cellular immunotherapy of integrated photothermal anti-oxidation Pd–Se nanoparticles in inhibition of the macrophage inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. Reprinted from Ref. [7]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (D) Biomimetic Hybrid Membrane-Coated Xuetongsu Assisted with Laser Irradiation for Efficient Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Reprinted from Ref. [9]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. (E) Multifunctional Prussian blue nanoparticles loading with Xuetongsu for efficient rheumatoid arthritis therapy through targeting inflammatory macrophages and osteoclasts. Reprinted from Ref. [10]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)