Table 2.
Published Cases of Kidney Infiltration of AML
| Author (y) | Age (y)/Sex | Kidney Function Changes | Imaging Modality and Kidney Findings | Kidney Biopsy Findings | Treatment | Kidney Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ooi et al2 (2013) | 75/M | Worsened over 2 mo (Cr 350 μmol/L (∼3.96 mg/dL), proteinuria 1.06 g/d, no hematuria) | AUS: No abnormality | MPO positive leukemic infiltration in interstitium and vessels | Palliative care | Deceased within weeks |
| Aratani et al3 (2020) | 43/F | AKI (Cr 0.59 → 3.08 mg/dL, proteinuria negative → 3+, hematuria negative → 1+) | Plain CT: Bilateral nephromegaly without detectable lesions | Leukemic infiltration confirmed | Idarubicin + cytarabine | Kidney function improved |
| 66/F | AKI (Cr 0.74 → 2.96 mg/dL, proteinuria negative → 2+, hematuria negative → 2+) | Plain CT: Bilateral nephromegaly without detectable lesions | No biopsy performed | Idarubicin + cytarabine | Kidney function improved | |
| Chauhan et al4 (2021) | 50/M | AKI (Cr 0.8 → 3.8 mg/dL, anuria) | FDG-PET/CT: Abnormal uptake observed bilaterally AUS and plain CT: Bilateral nephromegaly without detectable lesions |
No biopsy performed | Hypomethylating agent + venetoclax | Morphologic and metabolic remission achieved, and Cr improved to 1.2 mg/dL |
| Aggarwal et al5 (2024) | 60/M | AKI (Cr 5.96 mg/dL without urine abnormality) | AUS: Bilateral nephromegaly without detectable lesions | PAS and MPO positive leukemic infiltration in insterstitium and peritubular capillaries | NA | Deceased within 48 h because of leukostasis |
| Lee et al6 (2024) | 67/M | AKI (Cr 1.02 → 5.47 mg/dL, proteinuria negative → 2.21 g/gCr) | Plain CT: No abnormality | Bowman’s capsule rupture with atypical cells infiltrating Bowman’s space Myeloblast-like cell infiltration in interstitium with tubular atrophy |
Cytarabine + venetoclax | Cr improved to 1.5 mg/dL |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; AUS, abdominal ultrasound; Cr, creatinine; CT, computed tomography; FDG-PET/CT, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography; F, female; M, male; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NA, not available; PAS, periodic acid–Schiff. Sex refers to biological sex as recorded in the medical records.