Table.
Patients’ baseline characteristics and outcomes.
| Characteristic | Control (n = 47) | Septic shock (n = 49) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Men | 26 (55) | 24 (49) | |
| Women | 21 (45) | 25 (51) | .5478 |
| Age (y) | 62.0 ± 14.7 | 65.6 ± 14.6 | .2384 |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 20 (43) | 26 (53) | .3161 |
| BMI > 25 | 26 (58) | 27 (55) | .8372 |
| Diabetes | 11 (23) | 8 (16) | .4479 |
| Hypercholesterolemia on statin | 13 (28) | 11 (22) | .6401 |
| History of smoking | 10 (21) | 15 (31) | .3559 |
| COPD | 4 (8.5) | 5 (10) | 1 |
| CKD | 9 (19) | 11 (22) | .8032 |
| Cancer history | 14 (30) | 9 (18) | .2349 |
| Pre-existing treatment | |||
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6.1) | 1 |
| Aspirin | 9 (20) | 16 (33) | .1652 |
| Statins | 13 (28) | 10 (20) | .4769 |
| Routine laboratory testing | |||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 5.9 ± 9.7 | 223.9 ± 110.5 | <.0001 |
| Highest CRP (mg/dL) | NA | 313 ± 122 | NA |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | .0045 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.3 ± 1.5 | 10.3 ± 2.0 | <.0001 |
| WBCs (103/µL) | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 17.5 ± 10.8 | <.0001 |
| Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 15.5 ± 10.1 | <.0001 |
| Lowest lymphocytes (103/μL) | NA | 451.5 ± 356.0 | NA |
| Platelets (103/µL) | 255.7 ± 84.3 | 201.0 ± 137.3 | .0206 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<150 × 103/µL) | 3 (6.4) | 21 (43) | <.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.4 ± 41.1 | 89.0 ± 38.5 | <.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 101.2 ± 40.2 | 34.4 ± 34.6 | <.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.0 ± 14.4 | 21.2 ± 13.5 | <.0001 |
| Triacylglycerols (mg/dL) | 148.8 ± 85.5 | 162.3 ± 118.4 | .5761 |
| Plasma cytokines | |||
| IL-1B (pg/mL) | 2.6 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 3.6 | .0019 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2000 ± 3400 | 2356.9 ± 4068.7 | .0003 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 68.2 ± 13.8 | 152.1 ± 193.7 | .0053 |
| sTREM-1 (pg/mL) | 127.4 ± 111.2 | 541.0 ± 350.0 | <.0001 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 28.0 ± 10.0 | 302.1 ± 508.1 | <.0001 |
| MPO (ng/mL) | 28.9 ±2 0.7 | 763.6 ± 1,313.4 | .0004 |
| NE (ng/mL) | 7.6 ± 3.0 | 172.0 ± 153.3 | <.0001 |
| Platelet functional testing | |||
| ADP (AU × min/platelets × 103/µL) | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 5.1 | .0796 |
| ASPI (AU × min/platelets × 103/µL) | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 14.2 | .0474 |
| TRAP (AU × min/platelets × 103/µL) | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 6.5 ± 9.5 | .1381 |
| Coagulation assessment | |||
| INR | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | <.0001 |
| TATc (ng/mL) | 8.3 ± 18.2 | 22.9 ± 29.7 | .0059 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 701 ± 769.5 | 9185.8 ± 10182 | <.0001 |
| Organ failure and severity scores | NA | NA | |
| Pao2/Fio2 | 223.2 ± 118.8 | ||
| Ventilation duration (d) | 2.86 ± 6.1 | ||
| NorE highest doses (Μg/kg/min) | 0.3 ± 0.4 | ||
| NorE duration (d) | 4.8 ± 6.1 | ||
| Renal replacement therapy | 15 (31) | ||
| APACHE II score | 20.4 ± 7.0 | ||
| SOFA score | 8.9 ± 3.2 | ||
| SIC score | 12 (24) | ||
| DIC score | 7 (15) | ||
| Outcome | |||
| 30-d mortality | 0 (0) | 23 (47) | <.0001 |
| 1-y mortality | 0 (0) | 28 (57) | <.0001 |
| ICU length of stay (d) | NA | 8.2 ± 9.0 | NA |
Values are expressed as numbers (percentages), and continuous data are presented as mean ± SD. For platelet functional testing, a ratio of the impedance aggregometry reading and the platelet count was calculated. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ASPI, arachidonic acid; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ICU, intensive care unit; IL, interleukin; INR, international normalized ratio; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NE, neutrophil elastase; NorE, norepinephrine; Pao2/Fio2, arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen; SIC, sepsis-induced coagulopathy; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; TATc, thrombin-antithrombin complex; sTREM, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAP, thrombin receptor activating peptide; WBC, white blood cell.