1	Mandibles with a single internal tooth; paramere slender; elytra broad and rounded, often with a distinct reddish tint; femora rarely bearing yellowish-brown stripes on the underside	Lucanus ogakii
–	Mandibles with two or more denticles/teeth; paramere stout; elytra blackish to reddish-brown, not distinctly rounded	2
2	Body piceous to blackish; elytra more nitidous, with finer and sparser punctures; legs uniformly dark; mandibles generally straighter with basal tooth not very close to the base	Lucanus piceus stat. nov.
–	Body blackish, reddish-brown, or chocolate-brown; elytra glabrous to slightly pubescent, usually less shining; femora occasionally with yellow to orange plaque; mandibles shorter, robust, and strongly arcuate, with the basal tooth situated close to the base	3
3	Clypeus with well-defined lateral angles; labrum clearly separated from clypeus at the sides; elytra typically glossy; distribution in southern Taiwan mountains	Lucanus kanoi kavulunganus subsp. nov.
–	Clypeus without distinct lateral angles (labrum not clearly separated; lateral/frontal ridges not markedly protruding); elytra glabrous to sparsely pubescent and less nitidous; mandibles short, strongly arcuate, with basal tooth very close to the base; distribution in central to northern Taiwan	Lucanus kanoi kanoi