Fig. 5. Receptor-mediated uptake of antisense PNAs. (A) PNAs conjugated with N-acetyl galactosamines (GalNAc) bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the cell surface and promote delivery in hepatocytes. (B) The binding of anthrax toxin PA63 to the receptors on the cell surface facilitates the endocytosis of PNA–LFN into cells. Inside endosomes, PA63 promotes conformational rearrangements that form ion-conductive pores, through which PNA–LFN conjugates could translocate into the cytoplasm.
