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. 2026 Jan 16;12:1734089. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1734089

Table 2.

Intraoperative characteristics.

Characteristics Unmatched cohort Matched cohort
Overall Female Male p-Value Overall Female Male p-Value
Urgent 6.43% (n = 20) 4.04% (n = 4) 7.55% (n = 16) 0.240 3.05% (n = 5) 3.66% (n = 3) 2.44% (n = 2) 0.650
Emergent 8.04% (n = 25) 9.09% (n = 9) 7.55% (n = 16) 0.641 7.32% (n = 12) 6.1% (n = 5) 8.54% (n = 7) 0.766
Crawford extent of repair I 12.3% (n = 38) 18.37% (n = 18) 9.48% (n = 20) 0 . 027 15.85% (n = 26) 17.07% (n = 14) 14.63% (n = 12) 0.831
Crawford extent of repair II 22.33% (n = 69) 23.47% (n = 23) 21.8% (n = 46) 0.743 24.39% (n = 40) 25.61% (n = 21) 23.17% (n = 19) 0.856
Crawford extent of repair III 38.19% (n = 118) 33.67% (n = 33) 40.28% (n = 85) 0.266 29.27% (n = 48) 31.71% (n = 26) 26.83% (n = 22) 0.607
Crawford extent of repair IV 13.92% (n = 43) 9.18% (n = 9) 16.11% (n = 34) 0.101 14.02% (n = 23) 10.98% (n = 9) 17.07% (n = 14) 0.369
Crawford extent of repair V 11.97% (n = 37) 13.27% (n = 13) 11.37% (n = 24) 0.712 14.02% (n = 23) 12.2% (n = 10) 15.85% (n = 13) 0.654
CSF drain 22.19% (n = 69) 19.19% (n = 19) 23.58% (n = 50) 0.385 12.8% (n = 21) 17.07% (n = 14) 8.54% (n = 7) 0.160
HCA 13.83% (n = 43) 16.16% (n = 16) 12.74% (n = 27) 0.415 12.8% (n = 21) 14.63% (n = 12) 10.98% (n = 9) 0.641
Operation time 342 (271–439) 320 (260–409) 346 (278–443) 0.186 319 (258–410) 306 (255–410) 320 (264–411) 0.533
Bypass time 143 (106–211) 142 (105–212) 149 (107–210) 0.509 132 (97–209) 140 (102–214) 130 (93–188) 0.379
Cross-clamp time 102 (72–137) 92 (70–138) 105 (75–137) 0.203 102 (72–140) 92 (73–148) 106 (72–130) 0.347

CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCA, hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold.