Table 1.
Prevalence of frailty and related variables in patients with PAD (n = 350).
| Variables | Non-frailty (n = 1981) | Frailty (n = 1521) | Statistic2 | P value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.073 | 0.787 | ||
| Male | 142 (71.72%) | 107 (70.39%) | ||
| Female | 56 (28.28%) | 45 (29.61%) | ||
| Age | 11.793 | 0.003 | ||
| 50∼70 | 96 (48.48%) | 48 (31.58%) | ||
| 71∼80 | 60 (30.30%) | 52 (34.21%) | ||
| >80 | 42 (21.21%) | 52 (34.21%) | ||
| BMI(kg/m2) | 4.440 | 0.109 | ||
| <18.5 | 15 (7.58%) | 21 (13.82%) | ||
| 18.5∼24 | 124 (62.63%) | 95 (62.50%) | ||
| >24 | 59 (29.80%) | 36 (23.68%) | ||
| Smoking | 0.013 | 0.910 | ||
| No | 95 (47.98%) | 72 (47.37%) | ||
| Yes | 103 (52.02%) | 80 (52.63%) | ||
| Education level | 2.143 | 0.342 | ||
| Primary school and below | 124 (62.63%) | 106 (69.74%) | ||
| Middle school | 59 (29.80%) | 35 (23.03%) | ||
| College Degree or Higher | 15 (7.58%) | 11 (7.24%) | ||
| Marital status | 0.127 | 0.722 | ||
| Married | 74 (37.37%) | 54 (35.53%) | ||
| Umarried | 124 (62.63%) | 98 (64.47%) | ||
| Occupational | 2.160 | 0.340 | ||
| Working | 25 (12.63%) | 19 (12.50%) | ||
| Retirement | 94 (47.47%) | 61 (40.13%) | ||
| Other | 79 (39.90%) | 72 (47.37%) | ||
| Per Capita Household Income | 4.237 | 0.120 | ||
| <2,000 | 33 (16.67%) | 33 (21.71%) | ||
| 2,000∼4,999 | 105 (53.03%) | 87 (57.24%) | ||
| ≥5,000 | 60 (30.30%) | 32 (21.05%) | ||
| Residence area | 2.719 | 0.257 | ||
| Villages | 69 (34.85%) | 57 (37.50%) | ||
| Town | 84 (42.42%) | 52 (34.21%) | ||
| City | 45 (22.73%) | 43 (28.29%) | ||
| Residential status | 0.449 | 0.396 | ||
| Living alone | 21 (10.61%) | 21 (13.82%) | ||
| Communal living | 176 (88.89%) | 130 (85.53%) | ||
| Medical insurance type | 5.193 | 0.023 | ||
| Urban employees | 89 (44.95%) | 87 (57.24%) | ||
| Urban residents | 109 (55.05%) | 65 (42.76%) | ||
| Pathological limb | 2.862 | 0.239 | ||
| Both lower limb | 51 (25.76%) | 51 (33.55%) | ||
| Right lower limb | 71 (35.86%) | 45 (29.61%) | ||
| Left lower limb | 76 (38.38%) | 56 (36.84%) | ||
| Fontaine stage | 9.488 | 0.024 | ||
| Ⅱa stage | 10 (3.03%) | 5 (7.89%) | ||
| Ⅱb stage | 30 (12.63%) | 15 (13.16%) | ||
| Ⅲ stage | 70 (40.40%) | 40 (34.21%) | ||
| Ⅳ stage | 88 (43.94%) | 92 (44.74%) | ||
| Number of comorbidities | 9.473 | 0.009 | ||
| 0 | 19 (9.60%) | 3 (1.97%) | ||
| 1∼3 | 136 (68.69%) | 106 (69.74%) | ||
| >3 | 43 (21.72%) | 43 (28.29%) | ||
| ADL | 8.976 | 0.030 | ||
| Full independence | 11 (5.56%) | 1 (0.66%) | ||
| Mild functional impairment | 91 (45.96%) | 60 (39.47%) | ||
| Moderate functional impairment | 53 (26.77%) | 49 (32.24%) | ||
| Severe functional impairment | 43 (21.72%) | 42 (27.63%) | ||
| Social support | 12.306 | 0.002 | ||
| Low-level | 95 (47.98%) | 100 (65.79%) | ||
| Moderate-level | 30 (15.15%) | 20 (13.16%) | ||
| High-level | 73 (36.87%) | 32 (20.05%) | ||
| TP (g/L) | 66.25 (60.00, 73.00) | 66.95 (60.15, 73.80) | −0.114 | 0.910 |
| ALB (g/L) | 40.85 (37.40, 45.00) | 41.30 (37.80, 44.65) | −0.516 | 0.606 |
| PA (mg/L) | 200.55 (162.80,256.00) | 205.05 (166.55,257.90) | −0.262 | 0.794 |
| HGB (g/L) | 133.00 (119.50,145.00) | 122.00 (111.00,136.00) | 4.696 | <0.001 |
| WB (10^9/L) | 9.20 (7.03, 11.42) | 9.47 (7.32, 11.64) | −0.248 | 0.804 |
| NEU (10^9/L) | 7.29 (5.24, 9.90) | 7.11 (5.48, 9.81) | −0.206 | 0.837 |
| CRP (10^9/L) | 6.42 (3.72, 13.10) | 6.56 (3.57, 9.20) | −1.019 | 0.308 |
| LYM (10^9/L) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.82) | 1.42 (1.10, 1.89) | −0.781 | 0.435 |
Data are presented as n (%), median (Q1, Q3), or mean ± SD. Statistical tests: Pearson's chi-square test; Mann–Whitney U test. TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; PA, prealbumin; HGB, hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell; NEU, neutrophil; CRP, C-reactive protein; LYM, lymphocyte.
1n (%), Median (Q1, Q3), or mean ± SD; 2Pearson's Chi-squared test; Fisher's exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test.