Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 44.0 (34.0, 52.0) |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 22.6 (20.7, 24.8) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Han | 17,897 (89.9%) |
| Zang | 1,446 (7.3%) |
| Other minorities | 563 (2.8%) |
| Comorbidities & lifestyle, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 832 (4.2%) |
| Hypertension | 2,080 (10.4%) |
| Smoking | 14 (< 0.1%) |
| Preoperative laboratory values | |
| WBC, ×10⁹/L | 9.3 (7.5, 11.2) |
| HGB, g/L | 117.0 (105.0, 127.0) |
| PLT, ×10⁹/L | 208.0 (176.0, 244.0) |
| ALB, g/L | 43.8 (41.7, 45.5) |
| CREA, µmol/L | 80.0 (70.4, 92.7) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m² | 108.8 (103.1, 114.9) |
| ALT, U/L | 15.0 (12.0, 20.0) |
| Surgical characteristics | |
| ASA score, n (%) | |
| I, II | 19,008 (95.5%) |
| III, IV, V | 898 (4.5%) |
| Surgical approaches, n (%) | |
| Laparoscopy | 17,316 (87.0%) |
| Laparotomy | 2,590 (13.0%) |
| Incision type, n (%) | |
| I, II | 4,335 (21.8%) |
| III, IV | 15,571 (78.2%) |
| Surgical duration, min | 65.0 (25.0, 110.0) |
| Intraoperative blood loss, mL | 50.0 (50.0, 50.0) |
| Perioperative interventions, n (%) | |
| Prophylactic antimicrobials | 11,964 (60.1%) |
| Vaginal preparation | 3,065 (15.4%) |