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. 2025 Dec 29;26:35. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05227-9

Table 2.

Change from baseline in each cytokine by group and time, mean (95% CI) ( p value)

Cytokine T-APA NT-APA CG
T2
(n = 64)
M1
(n = 50)
M3
(n = 39)
T2
(n = 57)
M1
(n = 45)
M3-
(n = 34)
T2
(n = 52)
M1
(n = 45)
Pro-inflammatory
 IFNg -0.15 (-0.28, -0.02) (0.02) -0.03 (-0.32, 0.26) (0.86) -0.07 (-0.50, 0.35) (0.72) 0.20 (-0.01, 0.41) (0.07) 0.21 (-0.09, 0.51) (0.16) 0.28 (-0.04, 0.59) (0.08) 0.20 (-0.07, 0.46) (0.14) 0.06 (-0.24, 0.36) (0.70)
 IL-12(p40) -0.11 (-0.22, -0.00) (0.05) -0.03 (-0.19, 0.13) (0.74) -0.12 (-0.37, 0.12) (0.32) -0.06 (-0.28, 0.16) (0.57) 0.08 (-0.16, 0.32) (0.51) -0.16 (-0.52, 0.20) (0.38) 0.06 (-0.16, 0.27) (0.60) 0.07 (-0.16, 0.29) (0.56)
 IL-12(p70) -0.04 (-0.11, 0.03) (0.24) 0.03 (-0.14, 0.19) (0.75) 0.14 (-0.18, 0.46) (0.38) 0.14 (-0.10, 0.38) (0.24) 0.20 (-0.07, 0.47) (0.15) 0.12 (0.01, 0.23) (0.03) 0.12 (-0.12, 0.35) (0.32) 0.09 (-0.24, 0.42) (0.58)
 IL-17 A -0.03 (-0.10, 0.03) (0.31) 0.01 (-0.04, 0.05) (0.69) 0.11 (-0.09, 0.32) (0.26) -0.02 (-0.15, 0.11) (0.75) 0.00 (-0.09, 0.10) (0.96) -0.05 (-0.22, 0.11) (0.50) 0.03 (-0.03, 0.09) (0.35) 0.06 (-0.02, 0.14) (0.16)
 IL-1a -0.04 (-0.14, 0.06) (0.41) 0.06 (-0.05, 0.18) (0.25) 0.09 (-0.10, 0.29) (0.34) 0.02 (-0.15, 0.19) (0.82) 0.07 (-0.08, 0.22) (0.37) -0.07 (-0.29, 0.16) (0.56) 0.06 (-0.06, 0.18) (0.34) 0.03 (-0.10, 0.15) (0.67)
 IL-1b -0.06 (-0.16, 0.04) (0.21) -0.03 (-0.18, 0.12) (0.67) -0.02 (-0.24, 0.20) (0.87) 0.06 (-0.18, 0.30) (0.61) 0.14 (-0.06, 0.34) (0.16) -0.06 (-0.26, 0.13) (0.53) 0.08 (-0.07, 0.24) (0.28) 0.08 (-0.15, 0.30) (0.49)
 IL-6 -0.07 (-0.26, 0.12) (0.48) 0.15 (-0.07, 0.38) (0.18) -0.18 (-0.42, 0.06) (0.14) 0.35 (0.10, 0.61) (0.01) 0.29 (0.01, 0.56) (0.05) 0.33 (-0.05, 0.71) (0.08) 0.03 (-0.16, 0.23) (0.75) 0.16 (-0.19, 0.52) (0.36)
 IL-8 -0.15 (-0.29, -0.01) (0.04) -0.10 (-0.29, 0.09) (0.29) -0.13 (-0.36, 0.10) (0.27) 0.09 (-0.07, 0.25) (0.26) 0.11 (-0.13, 0.35) (0.37) 0.21 (-0.08, 0.51) (0.15) 0.12 (-0.01, 0.25) (0.07) 0.02 (-0.23, 0.26) (0.90)
 TNFa -0.05 (-0.11, 0.00) (0.06) -0.02 (-0.14, 0.11) (0.81) -0.06 (-0.27, 0.15) (0.58) 0.10 (-0.05, 0.24) (0.19) 0.17 (-0.03, 0.37) (0.09) 0.04 (-0.16, 0.23) (0.71) 0.13 (-0.04, 0.30) (0.12) 0.13 (-0.11, 0.37) (0.30)
 IL-2 -0.11 (-0.22, -0.00) (0.04) 0.04 (-0.11, 0.20) (0.57) -0.02 (-0.32, 0.29) (0.90) 0.03 (-0.21, 0.27) (0.79) 0.27 (-0.02, 0.55) (0.07) 0.03 (-0.28, 0.34) (0.85) 0.16 (-0.03, 0.35) (0.10) 0.20 (-0.04, 0.43) (0.10)
Anti-inflammatory
 IL-4 -0.09 (-0.20, 0.03) (0.15) 0.03 (-0.11, 0.17) (0.63) -0.00 (-0.19, 0.19) (0.97) 0.15 (-0.01, 0.30) (0.06) 0.16 (-0.09, 0.41) (0.20) 0.26 (0.05, 0.46) (0.01) 0.13 (-0.04, 0.31) (0.13) -0.12 (-0.38, 0.14) (0.35)
 IL-10 0.03 (-0.10, 0.16) (0.63) 0.09 (-0.11, 0.29) (0.36) 0.03 (-0.14, 0.20) (0.74) 0.02 (-0.16, 0.21) (0.80) 0.05 (-0.19, 0.29) (0.68) 0.07 (-0.34, 0.48) (0.74) 0.14 (-0.05, 0.33) (0.14) 0.03 (-0.18, 0.23) (0.80)
 IL-13 -0.02 (-0.11, 0.07) (0.68) 0.06 (-0.16, 0.28) (0.58) -0.04 (-0.34, 0.26) (0.80) 0.16 (-0.00, 0.33) (0.05) 0.19 (-0.07, 0.44) (0.14) 0.09 (-0.09, 0.28) (0.32) 0.05 (-0.14, 0.23) (0.60) 0.02 (-0.24, 0.28) (0.88)
 TGFb 0.62 (0.04, 1.20) (0.04) 0.06 (-0.69, 0.81) (0.87) -0.12 (-1.06, 0.83) (0.80) 0.58 (0.03, 1.13) (0.04) 0.24 (-0.57, 1.06) (0.55) 0.42 (-0.51, 1.35) (0.37) 0.31 (-0.27, 0.89) (0.29) -0.00 (-0.61, 0.61) (0.99)

p values are not adjusted for multiplicity. Observations lower than the detection limit were substituted by one-half of the corresponding lower detection limit; Boldface values indicate p <0.05