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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2025 Jun 3;63(6):1490–1503. doi: 10.1177/10556656251339352

Table 2.

Emergent Language, Pre-Speech Vocal Acoustic Measures, and Sleep Disordered Breathing Across Cleft Types.

Unaffected iCL iCLP

Bayley 4 SEABQ n = 14 n = 4 n = 6
 Receptive Language 98.50 (7.47) 97.50 (6.45) 94.17 (6.65)
 Expressive Language 105.00 (5.77) 92.50 (5.00) 92.50 (13.69)
Vocal Acoustics n = 13 n = 4 n = 7
 Total Utterances 57.08 (37.28) 52.75 (19.00) 47.86 (14.24)
 Segmentation Index .38 (0.25) .33 (0.34) .49 (0.18)
 Melody Complexity Index-II .39 (0.24) .49 (0.37) .32 (0.23)
Sleep Disordered Breathing n = 8 n = 4 n = 5
 Oximetry Recording Duration (h) 7:46 (4:19) 8:14 (2:59) 6:22 (3:27)
 Percent SpO2 at/above 90 98.54 (1.05) 98.90 (1.87) 99.26 (0.44)
 Desaturations per hour 2.86 (3.84) 2.15 (2.24) 9.66 (7.28)
 Longest Desaturation (min) 0.51 (0.33) 1.27 (1.88) 1.57 (1.46)

Note. iCL = isolated cleft lip only. iCLP = isolated cleft lip and palate. SEABQ = Social-Emotional & Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire. SpO2 = Percent saturation of oxygen in the blood.