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. 2026 Jan 20;13:1727992. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1727992

Table 2.

Five-year and extended follow-up outcomes in matched cohorts with and without iron deficiency anemia.

Outcomes IDAgroup (n = 160,928) Control group (n = 160,928) HR (95% CI) p-value
5-year follow-up
TB infection, Events (IR/100,000 PY) 108 (22) 70 (14) 1.48 (1.10–2.00) 0.010
Pneumonia, event (%) 7,346 (4.6%) 3,831 (2.4%) 1.87 (1.79–1.94) <0.001
Reactive thrombocytosis event (%) 495 (0.31%) 131 (0.09%) 3.68 (3.04–4.46) <0.001
5–10 year follow-up
TB infection, Events (IR/100,000 PY) 21 (3) 19 (3) 1.17 (0.63–2.17) 0.627
Pneumonia event (%) 1,545 (0.96%) 1,024 (0.64%) 1.60 (1.48–1.73) <0.001
Reactive thrombocytosis event (%) 187 (0.12%) 96 (0.06%) 2.06 (1.61–2.63) <0.001

TB, Tuberculosis; IDA, Iron deficiency anemia; HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval; IR, Incidence rate; PY, Person-years.