Table 5.
Multivariable analysis of risk factors for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
| Variable | Pulmonary TB | Extra-pulmonary TB | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| IDA or control groups | 1.71 (1.30, 2.24) | <0.001 | 3.01 (1.73, 5.22) | <0.001 |
| Male | 1.62 (1.24, 2.10) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.03, 2.92) | 0.039 |
| Age at Index | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | 0.001 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.438 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.82 (0.49, 1.38) | 0.451 | 0.68 (0.19, 2.44) | 0.558 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.85 (0.99, 3.47) | 0.055 | 2.93 (0.83, 10.42) | 0.096 |
| Malnutrition | 1.56 (0.22, 11.26) | 0.657 | NA | NA |
| Overweight and obesity | 0.49 (0.23, 1.06) | 0.069 | NA | NA |
| Nicotine dependence | 1.13 (0.55, 2.34) | 0.736 | 1.49 (0.36, 6.20) | 0.584 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.09 (0.44, 2.73) | 0.855 | NA | NA |
| Essential (primary) hypertension | 0.99 (0.67, 1.46) | 0.957 | 0.58 (0.22, 1.50) | 0.256 |
| Diseases of liver | 1.13 (0.46, 2.76) | 0.793 | 1.04 (0.14, 7.60) | 0.971 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 0.91 (0.46, 1.78) | 0.776 | NA | NA |
TB, Tuberculosis; HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval; NA, Not available, the HR could not be reliably estimated due to sparse data or quasi-complete separation.