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. 2026 Jan 21;12:1724041. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1724041

Table 3.

Stratified analysis HRs and 95% CIs for lung cancer by Coffee and Tea intake among 498,043 persons in the UK Biobank study.

Characteristics Coffee Tea
0 0.5–1 2–3 4 P interaction 0 0.5–1 2–3 4 P interaction
Sex
Male Ref 0.68 (0.58–0.80) 0.74 (0.64–0.87) 0.97 (0.83–1.13) 0.675 Ref 0.76 (0.62–0.93) 0.63 (0.53–0.74) 0.91 (0.79–1.06) < 0.001
Female Ref 0.77 (0.65–0.91) 0.80 (0.68–0.95) 1.13 (0.96–1.33) Ref 0.86 (0.70–1.06) 0.86 (0.70–1.06) 0.86 (0.70–1.06)
Age
< 65 Ref 0.73 (0.64–0.84) 0.76 (0.67–0.87) 1.04 (0.91–1.19) 0.683 Ref 0.82 (0.69–0.97) 0.69 (0.60–0.80) 0.89 (0.78–1.01) 0.207
≥65 Ref 0.70 (0.56–0.87) 0.78 (0.64–0.96) 1.01 (0.81–1.25) Ref 0.77 (0.59–1.00) 0.63 (0.51–0.79) 0.78 (0.64–0.95)
Smoker
Never Ref 0.89 (0.70–1.13) 0.93 (0.73–1.17) 0.78 (0.58–1.04) < 0.001 Ref 1.08 (0.77–1.52) 1.00 (0.75–1.32) 1.00 (0.77–1.31) 0.036
Ever Ref 0.67 (0.58–0.77) 0.75 (0.66–0.85) 1.26 (1.11–1.42) Ref 0.73 (0.62–0.86) 0.56 (0.49–0.64) 0.78 (0.70–0.88)
BMI
< 25 Ref 0.83 (0.68–1.01) 0.90 (0.74–1.09) 1.22 (1.00–1.48) 0.008 Ref 0.85 (0.67–1.07) 0.58 (0.48–0.71) 0.76 (0.64–0.91) 0.950
≥25 Ref 0.68 (0.59–0.78) 0.72 (0.63–0.82) 0.94 (0.82–1.08) Ref 0.78 (0.65–0.94) 0.74 (0.64–0.86) 0.92 (0.81–1.05)

Adjusted for age, sex, race, physical activity, educational level, employment status, smoking, drinking, body mass index, townsend deprivation index, cardiovascular, and cancer. Bold values indicates P < 0.05