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. 2026 Jan 21;12:1724041. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1724041

Table 4.

Sensitivity analysis HRs and 95% CIs for lung cancer by coffee and tea intake among the 276209 persons in the UK Biobank study.

Characteristics Coffee Tea
0 0.5–1 2–3 4 0 0.5–1 2–3 4
Excluding lung cancer participants diagnosed within 2 years after baseline *1
Number of participants 56,752 75,958 89,200 54,095 40,351 34,474 83,266 117,914
Number of case 506 534 694 693 441 288 577 1,121
Adjusted HR (95% CI) Ref 0.72 (0.64–0.82) 0.76 (0.67–0.85) 1.06 (0.95–1.19) Ref 0.82 (0.70–0.95) 0.67 (0.59–0.76) 0.86 (0.77–0.96)
Excluding individuals with cancer at baseline *2
Number of participants 3,707 5,541 6,192 3,322 2,592 2,148 5,685 8,337
Number of case 91 97 111 87 65 37 91 193
Adjusted HR (95% CI) Ref 0.71 (0.53–0.96) 0.72 (0.54–0.95) 0.85 (0.63–1.15) Ref 0.74 (0.49–1.11) 0.73 (0.53–1.00) 0.97 (0.73–1.29)

*1Adjusted for age, sex, race, physical activity, educational level, employment status, smoking, drinking, body mass index, townsend deprivation index, cardiovascular, and cancer.

*2Adjusted for age, sex, race, physical activity, educational level, employment status, smoking, drinking, body mass index, townsend deprivation index, and cardiovascular.