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. 2026 Jan 21;16:1751619. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1751619

Table 1.

Characteristics and quality assessment of included studies.

Included studies Publication date Research type Country Sample size (E/NE) Age (E/NE) Gender (Male/Female) Diagnostic criteria Influencing factors NOS score
Lian J (21) 2024 Cohort Study Australian 1568 (299/1269) 75.1 ± 1.6 75.1 ± 1.5 663/606 161/138 DSM-IV 1, 2, 3 7
Kaczmarczyk M (20) 2018 Cross-sectional Study Germany 143 (68/75) 37.4 ± 9.3 35.1 ± 9.2 31/37 26/49 DSM-IV 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 8
Wang L (22) 2016 Case-Control Study China 137 (76/61) 73.3 ± 5.6 70.5 ± 5.1 32/44 28/33 MMSE and MoCA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 8
Dannehl K (19) 2017 Cross-sectional Study Germany 131 (91/40) 37.4 ± 12.4 34.3 ± 11.6 33/58 14/26 DSM-IV and SCID 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 8

1 for Age, 2 for Gender, 3 for Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), 4 for Emotional Abuse, 5 for Physical Abuse, 6 for Sexual Abuse, 7 for Emotional Neglect, 8 for Physical Neglect.