Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Non-survivor (N = 146) | Survivor (N = 345) | P-value | FDR-adjusted P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years), median (Q1-Q3) | 74 (64–82) | 69.00 (59–79) | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Gender, Male, n (%) | 114 (78.1) | 242 (70.1) | 0.072 | 0.151 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 36.8 (36.5–37.5) | 36.7 (36.5–37) | 0.033 | 0.091 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 96 (85–110) | 95 (81–110) | 0.832 | 0.870 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 23 (20–25) | 21 (20–24) | 0.015 | 0.044 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.5 ± 15.7 | 73.3 ± 14.0 | 0.054 | 0.235 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128 (112–140) | 132 (111–146) | 0.149 | 0.260 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 91.17 (78–99) | 92.67 (81.33–102.67) | 0.103 | 0.206 |
| Laboratory indicators | ||||
| WBC (×109/L) | 9.55 (6.54–14.25) | 8.38 (6.33–12.41) | 0.047 | 0.115 |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | 7.98 (5.49–12.68) | 7.28 (5.14–10.68) | 0.055 | 0.128 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 0.66 (0.43–1.04) | 0.67 (0.38–1.03) | 0.461 | 0.569 |
| Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.38 (0.20–0.62) | 0.35 (0.21–0.54) | 0.270 | 0.390 |
| RBC (×109/L) | 3.68 (3.17–4.22) | 3.63 (3.09–4.08) | 0.268 | 0.390 |
| Hb (g/L) | 109.4 ± 25.5 | 108.1 ± 23.1 | 0.594 | 0.710 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 183.5 (129–234) | 177 (123–270) | 0.717 | 0.773 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 28.75 (25.2–32.2) | 29.3 (26.7–33.2) | 0.035 | 0.091 |
| LDH (U/L) | 480.5 (337.9–638) | 339 (262–473.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| LAR | 15.24 (11.76–26.13) | 11.43 (8.76–16.26) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| PT (s) | 14.70 (1.39–77.90) | 15.00 (1.21–79) | 0.651 | |
| INR | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 1.11 (1.04–1.23) | 0.442 | |
| Bilirubin (umol/L) | 10.10 (6.80–14.40) | 9.5 (6.8–14.4) | 0.849 | 0.870 |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.15 (14.30–45.20) | 23.90 (15.60–40.60) | 0.586 | 0.703 |
| AST (U/L) | 36.55 (22.90–66.3) | 34.20 (23.50–56.90) | 0.247 | 0.384 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 10.05 (6.70–16.90) | 8.80 (5.80–13.40) | 0.014 | 0.044 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 98.00 (63.00–170.00) | 81.00 (61.20–122.00) | 0.014 | 0.044 |
| Uric acid (umol/L) | 251.30 (179.00–415.00) | 245.00 (156.00–353.00) | 0.154 | 0.230 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 104.00 (49.50–183.47) | 92.50 (42.4–174.00) | 0.134 | 0.245 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 0.92 (0.26–3.41) | 0.50 (0.17–1.71) | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 138.80 (135.00–142.40) | 138.00 (134.90–142.10) | 0.386 | 0.507 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.06 (3.50–4.40) | 3.87 (3.50–4.34) | 0.202 | 0.326 |
| HCO3− (mmol/L) | 22.3 (18.5–26.2) | 22.5 (20.20–25.20) | 0.718 | 0.773 |
| AG (mmol/L) | 18.05 (15.9–21.00) | 17.3 (15.6–19.5) | 0.011 | 0.042 |
| Medical scores, median (Q1–Q3) | ||||
| SOFA (score) | 5 (3–8) | 3 (2–5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| qSOFA (score) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| CURB-65 (score) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| Vasopressors | 116 (79.5) | 75 (21.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| MV | 110 (75.3) | 152 (44.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidity disease, n (%) | ||||
| COPD | 19 (13.0) | 58 (16.8) | 0.342 | 0.499 |
| CHD | 44 (30.1) | 89 (25.8) | 0.320 | 0.510 |
| Diabetes | 48 (32.9) | 114 (33.0) | 0.971 | 0.972 |
| Hypertension | 63 (43.2) | 182 (52.8) | 0.061 | 0.143 |
| COVID-19 | 82 (56.2) | 108 (31.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 68 (46.6) | 98 (28.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, hemoglobin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LAR, lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio; PLT, platelet counts; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AG, anion gap; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; CHD, coronary heart disease.