Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2026 Jan;73(1):311–321. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2025.3581465

TABLE II.

CLASSIFICATION RESULTS OF METRICS

Parameters AUC SN SP +LR −LR Acc
R 160Hz 0.85 0.73 0.90 7.6 0.30 0.81
X 1kHz 0.86 0.73 0.90 7.6 0.30 0.81
|Z| 160Hz 0.85 0.73 0.90 7.6 0.30 0.81
ϕZ 4kHz 0.86 0.67 0.88 5.6 0.38 0.79
X/R 16kHz 0.87 0.95 0.71 3.3 0.06 0.84
fratio 2.5/25kHz 0.86 0.86 0.81 4.5 0.17 0.84
ΔR 0.82 0.73 0.90 7.6 0.30 0.81
fc 0.77 0.86 0.14 1.0 0.95 0.51
α 0.74 0.82 0.62 2.1 0.29 0.72
R ∞ 0.54 0.32 0.81 1.7 0.84 0.56
log(Z) 0.62 0.5 0.81 2.6 0.62 0.65
log(Z)2 0.82 0.95 0.71 3.3 0.06 0.84
βZ 0.76 0.22 0.76 0.92 1.0 0.77
log(ϕ) 0.83 0.82 0.90 0.90 1.9 0.86
log(ϕ)2 0.70 1 0 n/a 0 0.51
βϕ 0.83 0.90 0.82 1.1 0.55 0.86
σ 100 Hz 0.85 0.86 0.73 3.1 0.20 0.79
ε 40kHz 0.88 0.86 0.90 9.1 0.15 0.88

Median [IQR] reported for each metric. R: Resistance, X: Reactance, |Z|: Impedance magnitude, ϕZ: Phase, X/R: Reactance to Resistance ratio, fratio: Frequency ratio, ΔR: Change in resistance, fc: Characteristic frequency, α: alpha term, R∞: Resistance at high frequency, log(Z): Coefficient of the log of impedance magnitude, log(Z)2: Coefficient of log of impedance magnitude squared, βZ: y-intercept of logarithmic impedance model log(ϕ):Coefficient of the log of phase, log(ϕ)2:Coefficient of log of phase squared,βϕ:y-intercept of logarithmic phase model, σ: Best fit conductivity, ε: Best fit permittivity.