Skip to main content
. 2026 Jan 7;26:170. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13967-0

Table 1.

The reformed structure of government subsidies for primary health institutions befor and after the reform

Items Before reform*
(24 months)
After the pilot reform
(36 months)
After COVID-19 pandemic
(36 months)
2015 2016 Mean 2017 2018 2019 Mean 2020 2021 2022 Mean
Total revenue (¥ million) (1) 360.80 400.47 380.64 479.62 528.79 581.78 530.06 550.12 590.87 689.72 610.24
Total expenditure (¥ million) (2) 364.13 415.76 389.95 474.35 510.46 564.98 516.60 541.73 570.69 673.57 595.33
Net income(¥million) (3) = (1) - (2) −3.33 −15.29 −9.31 5.27 18.33 16.81 13.47 8.39 17.21 18.00 14.53
Total financial subsidy (¥ million) (4) 113.26 114.81 114.04 153.26 172.9 176.65 167.60 176.05 175.12 242.46 197.88
#NEPHSP subsidy (5) 32.21 34.12 33.17 36.83 43.40 45.86 42.03 46.71 52.66 55.00 51.46
#Subsidy covering expenditure–revenue deficits (6) 30.27 57.08 43.68 65.78 67.45 76.33 69.85 81.03 82.65 84.95 82.88
Sum of reform (7) = (5) + (6) = (8) + (10) 62.48 91.20 76.84 102.61 110.85 122.19 111.88 127.74 132.52 139.95 133.40
# Basic salaries (¥ million) (8) 23.96 46.98 35.47 51.41 50.23 51.74 51.13 56.21 56.57 62.49 58.42
As % of total financial subsidy (9) = (8)/(4) × 100% 21.15 40.92 31.10 33.54 29.05 29.29 30.50 31.93 32.30 25.77 29.53
#RBRVS payments (¥ million) (10) 38.52 44.22 41.37 51.20 60.62 70.45 60.76 71.53 72.95 74.47 72.98
As % of total financial subsidy(11) = (10)/(4) × 100% 34.01 38.52 36.28 33.41 35.06 39.88 36.25 40.63 41.66 30.71 36.88
Total RBRVS (thousand RVUs) (12) 3266.7 4434.6 3850.6 5299.3 5805.4 6133.1 5745.9 6306.7 6741.5 6834.8 6627.7
Total employees (13) 1509 1539 1524 1484 1381 1368 1411 1356 1409 1446 1404
RVUs per employee (14) = (12)/(13) 2164.8 2881.5 2526.7 3571.0 4203.8 4483.3 4072.2 4651.0 4784.6 4726.7 4721.7
Average salary per employee (¥ thousand) (15) 78.6 96.1 87.4 119.6 129.7 127.2 125.4 127.5 130.9 156.8 138.7

Note: *Pre-reform (2015–2016) monetary and RVU values were generated by a static micro-simulation model; RVUs = relative-value units