Table B1.

Parameters Used to Simulate Populations

Parameter	Valuea
Probability of marriage, male (ages 18–32 years)	.9
Probability of marriage, female (ages 17–31 years)	.9
Maximum age at pregnancy (years)	44
Initial age structure:
0 years	.03
1 years	.12
2–5 years	.15
6–15 years	.24
16–45 years	.40
46–75 years	.06
Proportion of descendants in initial population (by age):
0–15 years	.5
15–20 years	.5 →.3b
20–30 years	.3→.2
30–50 years	.2→0
50–75 years	0
Starting year	1500
Initial population size (in 1500)	300
Expected no. of children, by time period:
1500–1775	5.5
1776–1915	5.5→4.0
1916–2000	4.0→1.6
Immigration rate	0
Probability of death (function of birth year and age):
1400–1750:
0 years	.22
1–10 years	.10
11–25 years	.10
26–35 years	.08
36–45 years	.15
46–65 years	.25
66–85 years	.10
1751–1900:
0 years	.15
1–10 years	.085
11–25 years	.085
26–35 years	.18
36–40 years	.1
41–45 years	.05
46–65 years	.2
66–85 years	.15
1901–2000:
0 years	.05
1–5 years	.035
6–15 years	.005
16–35 years	.125
36–65 years	.18
66–85 years	.605

^aParameter values are functions of year and age of each individual.

^bAn arrow denotes linear interpolation within the given ranges.