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. 2026 Jan 7;26:255. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12282-7

Table 2.

Age-standardized DALY rate of Influenza-Associated LRIs in 1990, 2019, and 2021, with average annual percent change during 1990–2019 and 2019–2021 for global burden of disease regions

Location 1990 year (95% UI)
(per 100000)
2019 year (95% UI)
(per 100000)
AAPC% (95% UI), 1990–2019 2021 year (95% UI) (per 100000) AAPC% (95% UI), 2019–2021
Global 304.31 (267.40, 346.58) 174.72 (154.54, 197.69) -2.00 (-2.12, -1.88) 59.69 (44.18, 77.17) -45.20 (-48.79, -41.36)
Female 292.34 (251.96, 335.14) 160.19 (138.80, 179.62) -2.15 (-2.26, -2.04) 55.33 (40.44, 72.45) -45.34 (-48.64, -41.82)
Male 319.76 (278.69, 365.26) 192.00 (170.14, 216.81) -1.86 (-1.98, -1.73) 64.46 (48.81, 83.26) -45.14 (-48.78, -41.25)
High SDI 53.12 (49.38, 55.69) 47.69 (43.52, 50.21) -0.48 (-0.87, -0.09) 3.62 (2.57, 5.15) -57.37 (-74.02, -30.04)
High-middle SDI 130.21 (117.19, 145.62) 53.60 (50.17, 56.73) -3.02 (-3.23, -2.81) 7.54 (5.69, 9.82) -56.21 (-60.64, -51.29)
Middle SDI 261.08 (236.39, 287.79) 113.41 (103.89, 124.03) -2.91 (-2.99, -2.84) 26.62 (19.27, 34.86) -53.40 (-54.67, -52.09)
Low-middle SDI 402.86 (351.57, 460.56) 234.51 (207.06, 264.66) -1.85 (-1.92, -1.78) 88.16 (58.50, 124.95) -46.09 (-48.83, -43.21)
Low SDI 643.53 (538.92, 754.39) 375.22 (317.57, 434.22) -1.94 (-2.09, -1.78) 173.24 (129.24, 222.95) -36.48 (-41.26, -31.31)
Andean Latin America 414.39 (370.90, 462.83) 253.25 (219.75, 287.73) -1.66 (-1.95, -1.37) 99.09 (36.55, 157.79) -52.14 (-61.14, -41.04)
Australasia 26.09 (24.06, 27.67) 27.59 (24.22, 29.94) 0.66 (-0.22, 1.54) 0.18 (0.05, 0.41) -93.08 (-99.36, -25.19)
Caribbean 226.92 (196.79, 261.16) 172.42 (143.90, 204.92) -0.68 (-0.94, -0.43) 0.75 (0.23, 3.69) -70.53 (-86.40, -36.13)
Central Asia 417.30 (382.43, 451.86) 206.04 (180.39, 236.74) -2.37 (-2.52, -2.23) 19.77 (11.21, 31.82) -45.04 (-50.78, -38.65)
Central Europe 100.88 (95.79, 106.00) 68.78 (65.98, 71.27) -1.17 (-1.82, -0.52) 0.96 (0.30, 2.27) -54.41 (-88.47, 80.30)
Central Latin America 180.15 (168.80, 192.36) 133.61 (122.42, 145.58) -1.07 (-1.36, -0.77) 14.89 (9.95, 21.76) -60.02 (-68.93, -48.55)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa 631.74 (508.25, 749.25) 392.29 (309.93, 491.20) -1.62 (-1.72, -1.53) 271.71 (141.60, 418.39) -17.15 (-19.79, -14.41)
East Asia 266.57 (231.92, 306.20) 40.92 (36.17, 46.78) -6.29 (-6.55, -6.03) 8.45 (4.83, 13.97) -54.35 (-58.53, -49.74)
Eastern Europe 60.25 (57.27, 63.25) 52.32 (50.19, 54.66) -0.26 (-1.61, 1.10) 6.26 (2.72, 11.88) -3.66 (-4.09, -3.24)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa 649.94 (550.03, 761.13) 390.07 (337.49, 442.74) -1.91 (-2.05, -1.78) 196.43 (131.73, 284.31) -36.50 (-43.30, -28.89)
High-income Asia Pacific 74.57 (68.28, 78.78) 44.43 (38.86, 47.88) -1.87 (-2.22, -1.52) 0.07 (0.01, 0.35) -65.19 (-96.36, 232.95)
High-income North America 43.63 (40.24, 45.65) 43.87 (40.56, 46.01) 0.21 (-1.33, 1.78) 5.11 (2.37, 9.12) 0.97 (0.52, 1.42)
North Africa and Middle East 264.29 (227.13, 322.32) 119.13 (105.96, 134.18) -2.64 (-2.73, -2.56) 28.45 (16.43, 47.36) -47.35 (-50.31, -44.21)
Oceania 439.43 (366.61, 530.31) 389.45 (314.54, 480.02) -0.23 (-0.34, -0.13) 15.54 (7.51, 27.17) -71.68 (-76.19, -66.31)
South Asia 378.53 (322.25, 437.07) 212.33 (186.13, 243.86) -2.03 (-2.14, -1.93) 95.02 (46.15, 153.24) -44.70 (-50.83, -37.80)
Southeast Asia 290.20 (253.69, 333.28) 155.35 (137.47, 174.39) -2.06 (-2.12, -2.00) 11.53 (7.39, 17.03) -65.82 (-67.54, -64.02)
Southern Latin America 93.30 (88.71, 97.64) 170.32 (158.57, 178.79) 2.26 (1.58, 2.95) 9.86 (4.36, 19.19) -79.27 (-94.67, -19.37)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa 376.12 (336.61, 414.39) 473.58 (420.45, 526.88) 0.69 (0.48, 0.89) 70.64 (28.80, 138.71) -69.62 (-77.67, -58.66)
Tropical Latin America 197.30 (180.61, 213.11) 158.19 (145.50, 169.27) -0.75 (-1.24, -0.26) 30.77 (9.09, 68.03) -60.45 (-73.55, -40.87)
Western Europe 37.41 (34.77, 39.03) 37.34 (33.37, 39.54) 0.08 (-0.59, 0.76) 1.63 (1.03, 2.39) -60.78 (-78.67, -27.86)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa 705.51 (583.00, 839.38) 468.36 (372.31, 569.61) -1.44 (-1.62, -1.26) 205.81 (123.54, 303.07) -34.81 (-36.97, -32.57)