Table 2.

Quality assessment of the included studies.

Study	Selection bias	Study design	Confounders	Blinding	Data collection methods	Withdrawals and drop-outs	Global rating
Orlicky et al. 2019	Moderate	Strong	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate
McCarthy et al. 2002	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate
Rocha-Neves et al. 2021	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate
Kline et al. 2023	Moderate	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Mazzaccaro et al. 2019	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Pasin et al. 2015	Moderate	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Knappich et al. 2019	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Chou et al. 2016	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Dakour Aridi et al. 2018	Moderate	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Mendonça et al. 2014	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Birchley et al. 2010	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Markovic et al. 2012	Moderate	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Sternbach et al. 2002	Moderate	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
McCarthy et al. 2001	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate