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. 2025 Nov 6;10(1):70–94. doi: 10.1007/s41666-025-00222-8

Table 4.

Performance comparison based on eICU

missing rate
Model 0% 20% 40%
Next-admission diagnosis prediction (Accuracy@20)
INVASE 0.900± 0.011 0.878 ± 0.012 0.856 ± 0.015
LSPIN 0.885 ± 0.009 0.876 ± 0.010 0.854 ± 0.010
gI 0.882 ± 0.007 0.879 ± 0.07 0.856 ± 0.09
GroupFS 0.870 ± 0.010 0.862 ± 0.012 0.835 ± 0.011
Inline graphic 0.873± 0.007 0.863 ± 0.008 0.845 ± 0.100
Inline graphic 0.869± 0.006 0.872 ± 0.009 0.849 ± 0.8
Inline graphic 0.865± 0.008 0.860 ± 0.007 0.841 ± 0.13
Inline graphic 0.896± 0.009 0.882± 0.010 0.863± 0.012
Hi-BEHRT 0.872± 0.019 0.867 ± 0.017 0.842 ± 0.018
Mortality prediction (AUC)
INVASE 0.731 ± 0.015 0.710 ± 0.014 0.703 ± 0.016
LSPIN 0.719 ± 0.012 0.701 ± 0.013 0.695 ± 0.013
gI 0.712 ± 0.015 0.710 ± 0.017 0.687± 0.018
GroupFS 0.638 ± 0.012 0.617 ± 0.012 0.552 ± 0.015
Inline graphic 0.736± 0.007 0.731 ± 0.008 0.687± 0.011
Inline graphic 0.738± 0.012 0.725 ± 0.009 0.682± 0.013
Inline graphic 0.722± 0.005 0.724 ± 0.007 0.667± 0.09
Inline graphic 0.740± 0.006 0.740± 0.010 0.729± 0.011
Hi-BEHRT 0.716 ± 0.018 0.695 ± 0.021 0.695 ± 0.019